Letter to Headteacher Free Essays

Wednesday 11th January 2012 Dear Mr. Headteacher, While I appreciate the many benefits of our school, I think there are still some problems. A big, the bigger, the biggest problem is school uniform. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter to Headteacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will like to present you my case for abolishing school uniform and explain to you why ,as a pupil, I feel school uniform should not be mandatory. Statistics show school uniform is not liked by the majority of the students. Think about those poor children that make the clothes of the uniform. I’m going to make a list with the main points of my letter: 1. We all have the right to individuality, to make personal choices and to express our personality. This right of free expression includes the way we choose to dress. Making everyone wear the same school uniform infringes on our rights and is a misuse of authority. We should have the right to choose what to wear, to express our personalities and ,as a way of learning, to make choices about our lives. 2. In my opinion the uniform costs too much. Even though you need money to come to this school, this doesn’t mean that we have to waste money for clothes we can only wear at school because they have the school emblem. 3. Our systems of law and regulation typically punish everyone for the actions of a few. We should take the time needed to solve the problem of the trouble-makers that don’t dress decently rather than apply a general rule. 4. There are plenty reasons to avoid uniforms. One of these is that the idea of â€Å"one size fits all† is totally wrong. If our uniform fits to a boy, it doesn’t mean it fits even to a girl. We have a different-shaped body so the unisex uniform is useless. 5. What is more, uniforms should be abolished from schools because it only causes more conflict between teachers and students, and why do students only wear uniform? The only differences between a teacher and a student are the age and the spelling. We all have the same rights so ,even though teachers have more authority, we should respect each other and don’t abuse of power. 6. Another point is that I find unfair the fact that only we have to wear uniform while bigger boys and girls are free to dress as they like. Would you like it? 7. Finally, wearing a school uniform is not good preparation for our future working lives. Only a few jobs require uniforms. After all, our main role-models at school -the teachers- don’t have to wear a uniform, do they? The definitions of school are : 1. a place (institute) where children go to be educated 2. the process of learning in a school 3. the time during the day when children are working in a school Notice the definitions don’t include the word â€Å"uniform† anywhere. It clearly states that school is an â€Å"institution for learning†. The only thing we learn from having uniforms is that we are so dumb that we can’t choose the clothes for ourselves. To sum up, school uniform is not the perfect solution if you want to avoid people making gangs. There is a better solution: a dress code. While uniforms force all us to wear the same clothes, a dress code give pupils a lot of choice on what to wear. unsuitable dresses can be banned-for example, shirts with vulgar signs, very short skirts, crop tops, bare shoulders†¦ The school in this way could be greatly improved. Thank you for taking the time to read my letter, Yours sincerely, name How to cite Letter to Headteacher, Essay examples

Directors Letter To Juliets Actress Essay Example For Students

Directors Letter To Juliets Actress Essay I am writing to you to aid your research, rehearsal and performance of this fabulous play in which you have the very important role of playing Juliet. Shakespeare wrote the majority of his masterpieces in Stratford-on-Avon but he set the stories in foreign countries, in this case Verona, but based them upon the customs of that time that he knew from the area he worked and lived in. This life was very different to the one we have now with different understandings about how people, especially children, should behave and their attitude towards their parents. This vast difference comes across very strongly in this scene (Act 3 scene 5). Juliet was born into a noble house and in these places marriage was often contracted at a young age for many reasons including property, prosperity and family alliance. But the average age of marriage was still quite high, in the middle twenties. Women married younger than men; with an average gap of three years which is similar to the age of consent which happens to be much younger than that of today. In 1619 it was 12 for a girl and 14 for a boy and again this is apparent in this scene as Juliet is not even 14 when she is betrothed to Paris and consummates her love to Romeo. Shakespeare himself was married at the age of 18 as was normal suggestible by the low marriage age in that period. The reasoning behind this late marriage age is that it took a long time for a couple to acquire enough belongings to set up a household. This why children of noble birth had to respect their parents marriage wishes otherwise they would be left without resources. This induces fear of acting without permission which is strengthened because of their young age which also induces further tragedy. In society of that time, children were expected to obey their parents in all circumstances and parents also had the right to arrange their childrens marriage. Especially their daughters. But this meant Juliet and her fellow females would be subject to this rule twice over: female to male, and child to parent. But religious teaching enforced that children should not be forced into a marriage that they resisted. This scene plays a major part in moving the plot forward and from here the tragedy begins to build as all other characters are either abusing Romeo or saying he is lost forever. Juliets plan to kill herself is very ironic because both Romeo and Juliet end up committing suicide because of their families feud. This feud is exaggerated in this scene because both Lady Capulet and the Nurse try to put Romeo down That same villain, Romeo. Juliets character undergoes massive changes in this scene. At the beginning and throughout Juliet still refers to her mother as Madam or Lady Mother which is extremely polite and expected of her. But her tone of voice changes. Her words have underlying meanings and she is deceiving her parents. This shows she has matured as she is no longer an innocent, obedient, submissive and weak little girl but a strong willed young woman with an independent mind. Also showing this is Juliets emotional state as it gets ever more complex. This must be conveyed to the audience as upset after Romeo leaving, happy about consummating their love on their first night together, yet fear from knowingly doing wrong and confusion about her feelings towards Tybalts death. This scene also shows how Juliet is taking control of her own life by firstly deceiving her parents, out rightly refusing to abide by their wishes and marry Paris but still showing strong devotion towards her husband and lover even though s he faces great peril. The audiences opinion of Juliet vastly improves at this point appealing to their emotional state as human beings and the pity they feel towards her for she cannot be with the man she passionately adores. .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .postImageUrl , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:hover , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:visited , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:active { border:0!important; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:active , .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4511699f1f20993a33598771b08edaab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How is conflict portrayed in Shakespeare's 'Romeo and Juliet'? EssayThe fact that Romeo and Juliet are in love at such a young age may seem rather false to many people but this scene proves Juliets undying devotion and love doesnt falter even whilst facing eviction from her family and home. The relationship hasnt changed between Juliet and her mother up until now but it falters when Capulet enters. Lady Capulet is angry and ashamed that her daughter would refuse such an offer and embarrass them so but the slight maternal instinct she must have towards Juliet is overpowered by the above as she doesnt reach out to her daughter to help her. Capulet is extremely angry and ashamed which is understandable as in a noble house, the reputation and respect of the family name had to be maintained. Therefore, the relationship between Juliet and her parents in this scene means she is more isolated and alone than before. This isnt helped by the nurse, who is Juliets closest friend, ho offers no comfort what so ever and even further offends Juliet by abusing Romeo herself. Juliet now has no one to turn to for advice and solace so she feels her only way out is death. If they had been more understanding and not forced a dictatorship upon Juliet, she may not have come to this conclusion. Several themes are developed in this scene and all are big contributors to the final tragedy. Juliet is battling against her parents will about marrying Paris which is surrounded by the authority of the elders, and so is battling for the right to marry the man she loves even though they belong to feuding families. Secondly, there is love versus duty. Should Juliet follow her heart or abide by her duty to do her parents wishes? Comedy versus tragedy is a very important theme as the plot battles within itself even though we know from the chorus at the beginning that fate has already been decided and tragedy will override. All of the events in this plot build up to a final tragedy which is destined to happen as it is foretold that even such a strong and binding love as theirs will not survive the turmoil of feuding familys, family honour and duty to ones parents. Shakespeare uses imagery to build up a picture of the argument between Juliet and her parents whilst using the correct language to inform and hide the true meanings behind Juliets words. At the beginning of this scene Juliet is upset, so should have silent tears running down her cheeks and only the tone of voice should give away her sadness so as to build up the confusion and upset further on in the scene. All of the lines in this scene have double meanings so on lines such as yet let me weep for such a feeling loss they should be delivered carefully and thoughtfully to invoke the dramatic irony. When Lady Capulet starts insulting Romeo, Juliet will feel immediate anger and resentment so the tone of voice should change again to show anger and hatred rather than sadness. What villain madam? must be conveyed defensively without replying too fast to show Juliets instinct to stand up for her husband without alerting Lady Capulet. Juliets speech of refusal to marry Paris is very important because it shows how Juliets character and attitude has changed. It must be said in a strong, clear, determined, defiant and independent voice that contrasts to the puppet-like one of earlier on in the play. Towards the end of the scene the sobbing must be built up especially when Capulet enters the room to show his authority and strength over Juliet. Also, Juliet is becoming more desperate and cautious by the second, so this must be conveyed to the audience in her voice and body language. At the end of the scene Juliet must shrivel up into her quietly confused, desperate and sad frame of mind but still panicky to show her isolation by having fear in her eyes and voice. Her anger must overrule this frame occasionally to express her anger towards the other characters, and her horror and disbelief that the nurse is no longer by her side must also be shown in the line Speakest thou from thy heart? .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .postImageUrl , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:hover , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:visited , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:active { border:0!important; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:active , .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7 .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4cf3052cfb5b1a271a24ae149e6418b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Merchant Of Venice Analysis EssayThe mixed emotions conjured up in this scene and the amount of drama created through the love of two people is phenomenal. It varies from happiness to sadness, anger to disbelief, and various states of confusion. This creates drama through the entire play as it is unpredictable which creates suspense and a feeling that a character is about to explode with emotion at any one time. Shakespeare is very successful at dramatising the situation because of all the mixed emotions and the contrast in social status and society from then to this day. This scene fits in with the entire play because it shows all the contrasts between Juliets previous li fe and her life with Romeo which forced her to mature quicker than is probably good for you. It fits because it shows how deceiving Juliet had to be because of society and because of these wrongs in the society; it shows the tragedy that was destined to happen. I hope this has been of use to you and will aid you to take on this role as it is a very important part and must be performed correctly. I wish you every success with Romeo and Juliet.

Use of IT tools in Road Management and Engineering Essay Example

Use of IT tools in Road Management and Engineering Essay The report presents the use of IT tools in the road management and engineering area. IT tools used in the road management and engineering area is the main approach worldwide. It can save time, cost, labor force and also perform some works that human may not be able to accomplish. HDM-4 and ARCADY are typical examples of computer programmes. HDM-4 aims at assisting engineers in predicting the future economic, technical, social and environmental outcomes of possible investment decisions concerning road assets. It provide assessments of the economic and environmental impact of investment choices and consider new development works, maintenance works and improvement works as possible investment choices. ARCADY can assist engineers in predicting accident rates in existing roundabouts and designing new roundabouts at an ordinary intersection. It can save much precious time for engineers in geometric design in avoiding iterations by hands. Examples of testing these two computer programmes we re performed. They justify the validity of both computer programmes in the road management and engineering area. However, nothing is perfect and the computer programmes also have drawbacks which will be discussed in this report. Contents Page Abstract We will write a custom essay sample on Use of IT tools in Road Management and Engineering specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Use of IT tools in Road Management and Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Use of IT tools in Road Management and Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 HDM-4 2-4 2.1 System Architecture 2 2.2 Road Management Function 2-4 2.2.1 Planning 3 2.2.2 Programming 3 2.2.3 Preparation 3 2.2.4 Operation 3-4 3.0 ARCADY 5 4 4.0 Test of HDM-4 and ARCADY 5 4-6 4.1 HDM-4 4-5 4.1.1 Results 5 4.2 ARCADY 5-6 4.2.1 Results 6 1.0 Introduction IT tools are widely used in many fields now. In the road management and engineering field, IT tools are especially vital and useful because road congestion and road accidents attribute billions of dollars in a country each year. For economical and environmental issues, uses of IT tools can efficiently reduce the social and economic loss due to the congestion and accidents, and mitigate the environmental impact from vehicles. The Highway Development and Management Tools (HDM-4) is a software system for investigating choices in investing in road transport infrastructure. It was developed on the basis of HDM-3. These choices may include developing new roads, improving existing roads, maintaining existing roads, introducing new vehicle technology and introducing new ways for funding and managing road assets. It will enable managers of road network assets to investigate the possibilities for providing cost-effective development and upkeep of their road system, which brings benefits to the communities that they serve. ARCADY is a popular computer programme for designing roundabouts in UK. It can design a new roundabout at an intersection; predict capacities, queue lengths, delays and accident risk at existing roundabouts. It is very important in road engineering for designing roundabouts quickly since time is very important in an engineering field. 2.0 HDM-4 HDM-4 is a decision support software system for assisting road managers to predict future economic, technical, social and environmental outcomes of possible investment decisions concerning road assets, and consider new development works, maintenance works and improvement works as possible investment choices and allow to consider investments on a single section of road, or a large network of road links (many sections), or any combination of road sections in a sub-network. For example, traffic volume and composition, deterioration of the road condition, the effect of works on road condition, the effect of the investment on vehicle emissions and the effect of condition and road works on road users, in terms of vehicle operating performance and costs, road user and cargo time delay and costs, accident rates and costs can be predicted. 2.1 System Architecture The HDM-4 technology can be integrated with present and future road management systems. It has been developed at three levels which are the knowledge and algorithms embodied in the modelling of technical, and economic performance of road infrastructure, the program modules which deliver the models in explicit terms, and the HDM-4 software, including the modelling modules, which provides the investment analysis and works programming functions (PIARC, 2000). The system architecture consists of a database, data managers, models and analysis tools. A database manages the input data and analysis results while data managers are software which provides the user interface and controls data. Models are software modules which reflect modeling algorithms, and analysis tools controls the system application (PIARC, 2000). 2.2 Road Management Functions The HDM-4 provides a powerful system for the analysis of road management and investment alternatives. The system can be applied to road management, programming road works, estimating funding requirements, budget allocations, predicting road network performance, project appraisal, policy impact studies and a wide range of special applications. 2.2.1 Planning HDM-4 can analyze the road system as a whole in medium to long term, or strategic, estimates of expenditure for road development and preservation under various budget and economic scenarios. Predictions can be made of road network conditions under different funding levels in terms of key indicators together with forecasts of required expenditure under defined budget. The results of the planning exercise are of most interest to senior policy makers in the roads sector in both political and professional means. The HDM-4 application in the planning level is always performed by strategy analysis. 2.2.2 Programming Programming involves the preparation of multi-year roadwork and expenditure programmes in which sections of the network needs maintenance, improvement or new construction, are selected and analyzed. Ideally, cost-benefit analysis should be undertaken to determine the economic feasibility of each set of works. The programming activity produces estimates of expenditure in each year, under defined budget, for different types of roadwork and for each road section. The HDM-4 application in the programming level is programming analysis. 2.2.3 Preparation This is the short-term planning stage where road schemes are packaged for implementation. At this stage, designs are refined and prepared in more details; bills of quantities and detailed costing are made, together with work instructions and contracts. Detailed specifications and costing are defined, and detailed cost-benefit analysis can be carried out to confirm the feasibility of the final scheme. The HDM-4 application in the preparation level is project analysis. 2.2.4 Operations Decisions about the management of operations are generally made on a daily or weekly basis, including the scheduling of work to be carried out, monitoring of labours, equipments and materials, the recording of work completed, and use of this information for monitoring and control. 3.0 ARCADY 5 ARCADY (Assessment of Roundabout Capacity and Delay) has been developed over the last 20 years by TRL (Transport Research Laboratory) and is used for predicting capacities, queue lengths, delays and accident risk at roundabouts. ARCADY is a user friendly and helpful tool to aid the busy traffic engineer in designing new roundabouts as well as assessing the effects of modifying existing designs. It can design a roundabout and predict the accident rates automatically within a short time. It can also avoid the iteration process by hand to save much time. Thus, ARCADY is very convenient and important in road engineering. ARCADY 5 is the most recent evolution of a program that has been successfully used to design and re-design thousands of roundabouts throughout the world. ARCADY 5s main platform is graphical under standard Windows* environment, which is common to many organizations including governments, multi-national organizations and universities. ARCADY is based on empirical relationships derived from the study of many UK roundabouts. The capacity relationships were established from a database covering 11,000 minutes of at capacity operation at 86 roundabout entries, and the accident prediction routine is based on 431 injury accidents at 84 roundabouts. Capacity and injury accident rates are linked directly to intersection geometry. The entire UK government, funded research programme, carried out at TRL, cost some and 7.5m or US$ 11.5m at todays values, and gives ARCADY robustness (TRL Software Bureau, 2003). 4.0 Test of HDM-4 and ARCADY-5 4.1 HDM-4 In the Highway Development and Management Series, Kerali (2000) presented an example of the analysis of HDM-4. The national road authority has drawn up a list of candidate road sections for periodic maintenance and improvement over the next three years in Western Province. The list of candidate road sections follows a review of pavement condition surveys carried out by consultants. There is a policy that the candidate projects are prioritized and selected for the maintenance programme in the three-year budget period. The objective of the task is to prioritize the candidates according to the economic benefits basis. The HDM-4 imports data from the Pavement Management System or use the HDM-4 Road Network manager to create the candidate road sections. It also defines the characteristics of the vehicles that use the road network and specify the traffic growth rates. The maintenance and improvement standards are assigned to the candidate road sections together with the unit costs. Afterwards, the road works can be determined. The unconstrained work programme results give the total funding required for the list of candidate road sections. Finally, HDM-4 can carry out the budget optimization to prioritize and select the short list of projects that can be carried out within the available budget. 4.1.1 Results The analyses indicate that the selected road sections for periodic maintenance and road improvement would require approximately US$11.345 million over the three year budget period. 4.2 ARCADY 5 ARCADY calculations can be applied to single island roundabouts with up to seven arm. The user has a choice of methods of entering traffic flows and the program can estimate the shape of the peak according to the amount of data available. The safety of a design can be tested using ARCADYs accident predictions. Accident prediction is available for all conventional and mini-roundabouts layouts. The program can be applied to single-island roundabouts with 3 to 7 arms and now mini-roundabouts. Both at-grade and grade-separated roundabouts can be modelled. Pedestrian crossings (zebra crossing type) can be included, and the queue lengths can be viewed, animated and printed. Roundabout capacity studies by Highways Agencys Compendium of Research from 1993 to 1996 with the project value of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300,000 was carried out to check the continuing validity of the existing ARCADY relationships for conventional roundabouts and to derive capacity relationships for mini-roundabouts. The outputs were to be implemented in a new release of ARCADY incorporating both capacity and accident relationships for mini-roundabouts. It is 15 to 20 years since the capacity relationships used in the ARCADY computer program were established; corresponding capacity relationships for mini-roundabouts have never been separately determined. 4.2.1 Results The checks on capacities at conventional roundabouts have been found to be still valid (Highways Agencys Compendium of Research, 2003). Minor areas where further research work could give useful benefits have been identified. Related work on mini-roundabouts was brought to a successful conclusion. 5.0 Discussion The main approach of HDM-4 is usually biased to the economic approach because it is mainly applied in the network and program level which focus on the economic area. Therefore, it may not be very practical in real situation. For example, when evaluating the maintenance of a pavement in a long term period, it may estimate that the pavement only needs one major rehabilitation in the period. However, it is impractical to have a large funding for the rehabilitation in a short period such as one year. It may not be allowed in such a large amount such as millions of pounds in a year. Therefore, in practice, a major rehabilitation should be modified to several smaller ones around that period. It may be easier for funding in several times for several rehabilitations over a longer period. That shows planners or engineers must ensure the results obtained from HDM-4 practical in real before implementation because computer programmes can only give us the results under ideal conditions which are always impossible in our real world. Also, another drawback for the application of the HDM Model is the availability of adequate data. It is important that the highway agencies realize how critical it is to collect and process the required data in order to produce sound results. A specific budget should be assigned for this task if consistent and serious results are wanted. Collection of data is an expensive activity and it may not be possible for every road assets. ARCADY was justified to be still valid for different types of roundabouts. It can effectively assist highway engineers in assessing the existing roundabouts for safety or any possible improvement, and designing a new roundabout from an ordinary intersection in order to alleviate the heavy right turn movement. It also includes crash prediction model based on UK equation. The software is backed by TRL and thus the validity of it can be ensured by numbers of research. However, it required detailed knowledge of geometrics such as approach length, approach curvature and entry width and so on. It is also restricted to about 50% confidence limits and the calibration to U.S. capacity is still unknown at this time. 6.0 Conclusions IT tools bring many advantages and convenience to our lives. It shortens the gap between people and time required from place to place. It makes the world run faster with better quality. . They always play major roles in many fields such as construction, banking and design, etc. There are many computer programmes used for road management and engineering. HDM-4 and ARCADY are typical examples in this field. HDM-4 mainly performs its functions in road management in making decision for the future improvement of road assets in network and project level. It can predict the different impacts. Making decision related to cost is very important since budget is always limited and so prioritization is always necessary. The prioritization can be determined by HDM-4, and the budget and resource can be effectively allocated. ARCADY can perform its functions in road engineering in geometric design and accident rate prediction. It has the advantages of time saving, accuracy and clear presentation over human capability in design by hands. Accuracy is very important in geometric design since it can directly affect the road users. Therefore, it can increase the degree of road safety which is always the most important issue in road traffic. ARCADY has been developed to ARCADY 5 and this latest version was tested to be still valid in performing its functions effectively. Practical uses of both computer programmes also show their validities in the areas in many projects but further analyses are still necessary for overcoming the drawbacks.

Causes of WWII + References essays

Causes of WWII + References essays "War! Good God ya'll! What is it good for?! Absolutely nothing! Listen to me!" To whomever have heard the lyrics of Edwin Starr's War is likely to have had some opinion formulated about how war is a destructive force in itself. In a world where power is absolute and idolized like an omnipotent force, it is easy to see how even an innocent person can be swept up in a race for supremacy. There are many underlying factors in why wars are started. Ranging from economic struggles, to territoriality, from religious beliefs to world domination, it all boils down to one common denominator, our need for greed makes us blood thirsty. That being said, this essay will focus on the aforementioned underlying factors. Each element brings its won unique aspects to catastrophic devastation. Also, the degree of destruction depends on the multiple inclusion of these elements. First up, are the socioeconomic causes of war which push governments to declare war on others to increase their revenue and weal th. Secondly, our differing belief structures, like ideology and religion, are often the reason for conflicting views which may incite jihads' or religious wars. My third point is territoriality, the need that some groups try to fulfill by taking over others' lands. As a fourth and final element, world domination with a foundation of prejudices creates mass genocide of past populations. Economic competition and improvement that existed and still exists creates a great tension between countries. Just like the arms race that was part of the Cold War and World War II, competition generates rivalries. Both the United States and the Soviet Union tried to out do each other and the battle escalated. Since each country wanted to protect themselves against a threat, retaliation lead to overproduction of weapons on each side. The escalation deteriorated the confidence between them, and made it more likely that a crisis could cause one side to strike. One g...

Ap Us History Dbq

APUSH DBQ 6 All throughout the 1800s, slavery was a very controversial topic. During the 1860 election, Abraham Lincoln was asked about his views on slavery. He simply stated that he would do anything with slavery to preserve the union. A few months later, Lincoln issued the Emancipation and this went slightly against what he had said earlier. Once this was issued, the preservation of the Union and the abolition of slavery became the main goal in the war. I believe that Lincolns main goal was to preserve the Union and although he felt that slavery was morally wrong, he was willing to do anything to keep it together. There were many instances where Lincoln made his beliefs on slavery very clear. Although he believed that it was morally wrong, he still did not believe that blacks should have the same rights as an american. He wanted them to be free. Just free somewhere else. During his presidency he tried very hard to do whatever needed to be done to preserve the Union. Lincoln restated this again in August of 1863 when he reminded people of the democratic party that the civil war was being fought in an effort to put the Union back together. Feelings on slavery did not matter but freeing slaves would make things easier because Confederate war effort would become more difficult. I march of 1862, Lincoln decided that it would be best to award states that freed their slaves with money. With this, people were not able to say that they didnt receive money for getting rid of slavery. This was simply a bribe though. He was not forcing anyone to abolish slavery and it was completely the states decision. Although that made the thought of abolition seem less awful to the confederates, they were still unsure. When speaking to a Committee of Religious Denominations of Chicago in September of that same year, Lincoln admitted that slavery was a big part of rebellion. He also stated that emancipation would prove to Europe that the U. S. had morals (image of strong ally). Emancipation would then also weaken the rebels by taking their laborers. Although this was a good plan, people were also still curious as to what would happen to all of the freed black people because they are uneducated and not smart enough to do the average white persons work. Fredrick Douglas, brought up the idea of letting black people fight in the war, and Lincoln felt that it was a good thing for blacks to do. 54th Massachusetts was famous because it was the first all black regiment. All black people fought for free until they were seen as equal. At first, Lincoln was scared that they would not be good soldiers and they would not be loyal to the fellow troops. Another fear he had was that White regiments would be angry and refuse to fight. 54th Massachusetts did the assault on fort Wagner and although there were many casualties, they continued to fight. This impressed both Sherman and Grant. That concern was put aside when all the focus was pointed towards Lincoln during his famous Gettysburg address in July of 1863. During the historic speech, he stated that all men were created equal and pointed out that during the revolution, they fought for equality of all men. This meant that by having slavery, they were lying about the revolution. Lincoln made it a point to say that were an example to all other countries that wanted democracy. He called the United States a â€Å"test case† with slavery. They had to keep fighting for those who already died or they might as well have a monarchy. Everything was going smoothly until there was a race riot later that year. White people were beating up black people because they felt that they were stealing their jobs. Buckner was confused because these northern people were treating blacks like southerners. Abusing them and refusing to draft. He pointed out that the black people were fighting for a country that didnt even appreciate them. The memorable statement of his speech was that the freed men were braver than all the men in that room combined. As people argued about whether slavery should be abolished or not, Lincoln always made it clear that the one thing he cared about the most was the preservation of the Union. The southern states mainly insisted on keeping slaver for economic needs and the North was more open to the idea of abolition because they did not need slave help. With such a controversial topic, it was hard to compromise but with Lincolns will to do anything, the Union was once again united.

Phase 1 Discussion Board 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phase 1 Discussion Board 3 - Essay Example Some of the management tools that aid the process of governing employee behavior include the code of conduct and ethical principles. Codes of conduct are clearly crafted rules that govern behavior of employees at the work place. The set of guidelines contain the dos and the don’ts of the organization. They further give a clear outline of appropriate disciplinary actions taken against an employee who contravene them. Ethical principles on the other hand refer to accepted behaviors. These are not written and have no mechanism effecting their compliance. Each society and profession has a number of acceptable behaviors and conduct to which every practitioner or member is required to abide by, failing to results to either lack of professionalism or gross misconduct. The ethical codes are in most cases reinstated in the codes of conduct of most professions (Davis, Giordano, & Licht, 2009). However, an individual is required to have a sense of responsive behavior in the conduct of bu siness transactions. Management in business refers to the coordinating, overseeing and supervising the activities in the organization with the aim of achieving the organization’s objectives. In doing this, the management ensures that all employees have the right mindset and are geared towards the attainment of the same. ... To a achieve this, the management must effectively and adequately understand the concept of management and the theories governing the same. Contingency theory of management postulates that each situation in the organization is unique and requires unique strategies to accomplish. This theory dictates that rather than having a universal approach to every situation, an organization should tailor make strategies for every situation. This way, the unique features of the situation are addressed. This is the most practical approach and is in most cases cost effective. Another theory of management that is equally effective is the systems theory. This theory views an organization as a system with four components that include input, transformational process, outputs, and feedback. Each of these four is integral to the attainment of the organizational objectives and must therefore be effectively coordinated. There are two types of organizational systems, the open, and the close system. A closed system does not interact with the external environment while and open system operates in constant interaction with the environment (Coon & Mitterer, 2011). Two theorists, Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor in analyzing the behavioral viewpoint of management hypothesized that human relations movements emphasize social factors at work resulting in group dynamics. It is common to find informal class groupings at a palace of work. These groupings are formed n the basis of mutual interest of the members. Despite being formal and irrelevant to the direct process production, the groups require effective management since they shape employee mindset. In such groups, employee come together especially at tea or lunch breaks and discuss social issues

Tecumseh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tecumseh - Essay Example This made the treaties that had allowed this annexation void since it was signed by individual chiefs (Klinck 43). He was also a skillful orator and a brave warrior. These traits made the Americans and the British admire him (Klinck 36). Although Tecumseh was the leader of the confederacy during the Tecumseh war and war of 1812, the relationship between the Shawnee and the Iroquois Confederacy was a mixed one, with some Iroquois speaking people being friendly and allied to the Shawnee and the others who were enemies to them. While the other groups were enemies to the Shawnee, the Mingo and the Huron groups were their allies (Edmunds 23). The reason for this mixed relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the Shawnee is the following: the Iroquois Confederacy pursued a territorial expansionism policy which caused a conflict with its neighbors. Consequently, the neighboring communities, such as the Mingo and the Huron (Wyandot), cooperated with the Shawnee people due to the thr eat of territorial loss they experienced from the Iroquois Confederacy (Klinck 45). However, the relationship between the Shawnee and the Iroquois Confederacy was that of enmity since the Iroquois Confederacy embarked on invading the hunting grounds previously owned by the Shawnee, eventually evicting the Shawnee from their native lands of Ohio. The Iroquois made the Shawnee their dependents (Edmunds 40). During the American war of Independence, the Shawnee, Native American tribe, opted for joining the British in the fight against rebel colonists. The Shawnee planned to become British allies since they hoped that joining hands with the British would help them evict the colonists from their territory and draw them back across the mountains (Klinck 49). Considering that the invasion of the British and the consequent treaty signed with the Iroquois Confederacy had allowed many Colonists to settle in the native Shawnee lands, they needed some support to evict the colonists, which - they hoped - the British would grant them since the colonists had rebelled against the British colony (Edmunds 54). This saw the Shawnee ally with the British during that war. The concepts of land use advocated for by the British caused friction between the Indians and the whites. Notably, the signing of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 which sought to draw a line of territory between the Whites and the Indians sparked a great conflict (Klinck 62). This treaty sought to establish a reserve for the Indians but eventually ended up causing the encroachment by the whites into the areas where the Indians had previously occupied. Additionally, the treaty signed between the British and the Iroquois Confederacy over land use angered the Shawnee who were the native occupants of these lands before they were evicted by the Iroquois Confederacy (Edmunds 22). Thus, these concepts of land ownership and land use sparked off conflicts between the Indians and the whites. Tenskwatawa was a Shawnee religiou s leader who advocated for the Indians to revert to their traditional lifestyle (Edmunds 47). There were various reasons why the teaching by Tenskwatawa became very attractive to the Native Americans. First, these teachings advocated for a return to the traditional ways of living for the Indians. He advocated for the traditional lifestyle that was not influenced by the white cultures (Klinck 50). Additionally, his teachings advocat