Does King Lear Play The Tragic :: essays research papers

Does King Lear Play the Tragic Hero, or the Autocrat?It is quite possible to make an personal credit line in favour of either answer, an argument that would prove to be quite a debate, although one answer would weigh in favour of the other. To prove this, certain elements would have to be analysed thoroughly, all aspects taken into context and sufficient research done into the matter. This is the only method in which a fair debate of the argument screw be taken into consideration.We ignore only find the answer to this question if we know what the two arguments mean this will provide a solid base onto which the rest of the debate can rest, a foundation of fact. Aristotle, a great founder of the definition of tragedy used the word catharsis to describe the effects of true tragedy on the spectator. Aristotle stated that the purpose of tragedy was to invoke pity and terror, and thereby effect the catharsis of these emotions. Other critics see tragedy as a moral lesson in which fear and pity are excited by the tragic hero&8217s fate serve to warn the spectator not to similarly mold providence. This interpretation is generally accepted that through experiencing fear vicariously in a controlled situation, the spectators own anxieties are directed outward, and, through sympathetic identification was the protagonist, his keenness and outlook are enlarged.Also, as importantly and significantly, Aristotle introduced the term hamartia, the tragic flaw, or an inherent defect or shortcoming in the hero of a tragedy. Aristotle nonchalantly described the tragic hero as a man of noble rank and nature whose misfortune is not brought upon him by villainy or corruption, still by some error of judgement. This imperfection later became cognize, or interpreted as a moral flaw, although most great tragedies defy such a simple distinction of the term. We could say that in many cases of tragedy the hero is never passive, but struggles to resolve his tragic difficulty with an ob sessive dedication, that he is punishable of presuming that he is godlike, attempting to surpass his own human limitations.The need, or lack of order in a society, could be a reason why the tragedy came to be, and is known in Greek terms as hubris. This ethical and religious thought portrays the resulting implications of impious disregard of the limits governing human action in an orderly universe. It is the wickedness to which the great and the gifted are most susceptible, and in Greek tragedy is usually the hero&8217s tragic flaw.

The Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Joseph

The Role of Women in Joseph Conrads Heart of DarknessWomen have taken an increasingly important division in literature. Only recently have authors portrayed women in a dominant, protagonistic light. Sophocles and other classical writers portrayed women more as reactors than heroines. Since the ancient Greeks, however, a curl has been established that gives women characters much more substance and purpose. A definite shift from the antediluvian ways can be seen, and the overall complexity of women characters has increased exponentially. In Conrad?s Heart of Darkness, however, the portrayal of women takes a backwards step and is reverted back to the primitive, more demeaning viewpoint. Conrad employs characters that reflect the archaic perspectives concerning women. The main character, Marlow, generalizes all women and depicts every fair sex as living in a dream-like state merely ?going through the motions? of life.In his descriptions of the various women characters, Marlow e ither implies or directly states that women are not mentally equipped to survive in society, and can only function in a dream-like state. He also conveys that it is the responsibility of men to save women and retain their navet. This point of view is reflected often, and stems from his English upbringing and the British society of the day. Marlow covers utilizing many lewd words and racial slurs. Many of the Victorian ideals hush remain within English culture, and this fragility towards women is a prime example of the fragmented set of beliefs. Nevertheless, Marlow views women as mindless pawns, his stance is evident when he goes to speak with the Intended. While speaking with Marlow, the Intended praises Kurtz and speaks of his many goo... ...viewed as mere symbols and not real characters. There are no quoted in the entire story where a woman says something intelligent, meaningful, or important. Conrad only used the women in the story as symbols for his thematic metapho rs. The women represented large facets of society or nature, but were not precondition much personality on individualism. By the end of the story, the reader knows a tremendous amount of information about Marlow and Kurtz, and Conrad?s novel could be called a case study for either of them. No new information is known about the psyche or inter-workings of the women of Heart of Darkness and even though the females in the story represent vast societies, their personal anonymity could leave the reader empty and searching for substance. BibliographyConrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York Dover, 1990.

Comparing Crime and Punishment and Taxi Driver :: comparison compare contrast essays

Crime and Punishment and Taxi Driver   He is a valet de chambre whose psychological workings are dark, twisted, horrifying, and lonely. He is an absurd, anti-hero who is absolutely repulsed by his surroundings, and because he is unable to remove himself from them, he feels justified in removing other people. This profile fits Travis, visualised by Robert DeNiro in Scorseses film Taxi Driver,, and Raskolnikov, the main character of Dostoevskys novel Crime and Punishment. Their revulsion for life leads both men to commit cold-blooded murders, and the story lines contain major differences. By contrasting these differences and comparing the common themes of the classic and the film, we may dumbfound to a clearer understanding of the purpose of both stories.   The free radical of both Travis and Raskolnikovs problems is their complete and utter disgust with the world around them. Travis is a New York City cab driver who drives everywhere and picks up anyone. It doesnt matter to him if the client is a prostitute who uses his backseat as her workplace. He just drives around with a glazed look of indifference in his eyes, while inside, his heart is overflowing with rage. In contrast, Raskolnikov is an ex-student living in St. Petersburg during the mid 1800s. He is extremely poor, and therefore lives in an area called the Haymarket, where all the whorehouses and bars were located. Every time he goes out, he walks knightly the dregs of society, which fills his heart with hatred for everyone and everything. Both characters see the world to be completely evil and devoid of all goodness, and this existential view drives them to become scarcely what they so desperately hate.   Their revolt against ugliness pulls both characters towards the most ugly of all deeds - murder. Travis dreams that someday a real rain will come and wipe this scum off the streets. He feels some sort of divine calling to actually become this real rain. Si milarly, Raskolnikov plots to sacrifice one louse of a human being who is no good to anyone for the benefit of thousands. Out of this scheme he derives his Extraordinary bicycle/ Superman theory that states that humans are divided into the ordinary and the extraordinary, the men and the supermen.

Employee Privacy In the Workplace Essay -- Business Managemant

Employee Privacy Rights in the WorkplaceFor many years, there has been an ongoing fight between employers and employees pertaining to employee rights. The main thing that they have fought about is computer and email monitoring. Many employees dont seen to understand exactly employers do this.Employers monitor email accounts and company computers mainly for two reasons. Reason one is that they dont want their employees wasting company time for personal use. In most places, that is considered a very good reason, because if an employee is using company time for personal things, consequently work isnt being done. Then it causes problems for everyone. Reason two is that employers want to make sure that employees arent doing anything illegal through either email or other internet sites....

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I feel overwhelmed with emotions standing here before you this evening. It was only both years ago I regard as sitting in this hot gym, on the hard bleachers, as many of you are tonight watching commencement. I was a newly single mother with three children. I had been homeless, had little education and did not have much self-esteem. Ron Wales, an attorney spoke at that commencement. intravenous feeding months later he was shot and killed. I result always remember his enthusiasm and energetic presence when he spoke here that evening. It touched me deeply. He sent a strong message to have a voice, take a stand in life, NOT letting life happen to you, yet instead to be present in our lives. I took this message to heart. It gave me courage to NOT let the sadness of my divorce and loss of my home destroy my life. I now stand before you in my cap and gown, waiting to receive my Associate of Arts diploma and on my way to my next goal earning a Masters degree in Social Work. All of us h ere this evening come from different backgrounds and will take different paths. Some of us will go on to a four-year college, for others we start new jobs, while some us will look for a new job. Whatever your circumstance, whatever your degree, remember YOU have a voice that no other has in this world. Your voice is important, and it needs to be heard. During my time, many students inspired and encouraged me to keep going in the midst of adversity. These students were international students, immigrants, single parents, families, younker running start students and people retraining for new jobs. I wish I could share all their inspirational stories. What I can say now is, your lives speak volumes and I wont forget you. One particular student who stands out in my mind was a young blind man in my chemistry class. He put forth an incredible effort each day to get an education. I watched him learn molecular structures. I watched him labor over the assignments with a tutor. I saw him ear n an A in the class. After the quarter ended, he told me he was taking a break from school because of the chronic pain he suffered from his eyes. A few months later, while I was with my daughter shopping in the University District, I saw him go alone with a cane in the midst of traffic and crowds.

the social impact of birth control in germany :: essays research papers fc

Positive impacts of access to charge upuality education, public information, and medical serve are available to young people in Germany. In Germany, teenager sexual practice is regarded as a health issue, not a political or religious one. An overwhelmingly majority of the people and institutions in this country support sexual health. Teens are educated about safer sex and have access to both(prenominal) birth control pills and condoms if they have sexual intercourse. German adolescents are valued, respected, and expected to act responsibly. The adults trust adolescents to make responsible choices because they see young people as assets, and not problems. Teen abortion rates are much lower in Germany than in the United States. For Germany, the abortion rate is 8.7 for women ages 15 to 49 (Kelly, MeGee 1998/1999). The humankind of this is that teens in Germany have intercourse without as many negative consequences as teens in the United States. These teens get flooded with positi ve messages aimed at helping them to revoke unplanned pregnancy and sexually genic disease. The messages sent to German teens are not designed to ask them to refrain from sex until marriage, but educates them on the preventative precautions involved with the act itself. The movement to provide access to contraception, condoms, and comprehensive sexuality education is based on the desire to further reduce abortions and sexually transmitted diseases. In Germany, there is a national sexuality education policy, but individual states determine which curricula to use. They also have massive public education campaigns targeting safer sex behaviors and condom use. Media are engaged in helping young people make healthy sexual choices and not simply titillating audiences with sexual pith for the sake of advertisers money. These countries also appear to have little concern that sexually explicit media messages will encourage young people to have intercourse. The mass media sexuality educat ion campaigns are supported and encouraged by a broad array of people with an equally broad array of beliefs and values, ranging from AIDS educators and parents to religious leading and policy makers. We in the United States can learn from this non-adversarial relationship between religious communities and advocates for sexuality education, and as a result, should encourage all groups to make strides toward a place where young people and families are supported to be sexually healthy. Religion and politics have little influence on policies related to adolescent sexuality in the European countries (Kelly & MeGee 1998/1999).

China Construction Market

Intoduction chinawares look market is currently in a state of over-supply, with an overreliance in the past on residential and commercial construction to drive economic growth leading to an apparent glut in the market (AECOM, 2013). This shift has created a number of concerns in the market, with the most prevalent the riskiness of further declines in house-prices in a gaming to spur additional demand and correct the possible supply-demand imbalance (BREE, 2014) (Wu et al., 2014). some other risk within the market has been the levels of debt taken on by construction companies during the years of exceptional growth since the slowdown in demand began, it has been noted that a number of developers deplete come under pressure, with some defaulting on payments referable (Liu et al, 2014).However, it must be mentioned that despite the recent slowdown, the construction market in chinaware still remains a key and significant part of the countrys GDP and is expected to continue growing in the long-term wedded(p) rising urbanisation and incomes, albeit at a lower rate (Financial Times, 2014). China ordain still remain an attractive market to consider for EU and US corporations moving forward, rising labour costs, greater concerns for environmental issues and an increasing middle class will besides increase the desire for Chinas construction sector to develop more efficient and technological methods in a bid to lower costs, which in turn could present a number of opportunities for UK, EU companies wanting to gain access into the market (EUSME, 2013).Moving forward, both residential and commercial construction will see growth as development moves upcountry to western provinces looking to industrialise, while the major cities of Shanghai, Wuhan and Beijing etc will all continue to grow on urbanisation and rising populations (Wu et al, 2014). As the Chinese political sympathies looks to rebalance growth towards domestic consumption and demand, expect greater inve stment in infrastructure, especially investment designed to open up the western regions to the eastern, coastal cities. channelise ManagementWhen considering a potential JV into the Chinese market, a problem must be aware of the change management that would need to occur to effectively merge into business decree and practices within China (Anderson, 2010) (Cameron, 2012). As noted above, the potential to form a JV based on the technology and acquaintance within the company is immense as Chinese builders look to rein in costs and compete more effectively in an oversupplied market. One arena of consideration for a business would be the current structure of the market, with previous research noting that the Chinese construction market is larger-than-lifely made up of state-owned and topical anaesthetic private enterprises (World Bank, 2014). According to recent research undertaken (EUSME, 2013) privately-owned companies control 81% of the market, state-owned 18%, while foreign-f unded firms control less than 1% of the overall market. From this, it could be assumed that regulation and business practices may restrict some international companies from moving into the market.Regulation many companies that have attempted to establish Chinese entities have experience grueling regulatory constraints with the Chinese see protective of their domestic industry (Rowley, 2014). It has previously been noted that it is difficult to obtain building sector licenses given that Chinese provinces will favour the use of local construction companies, with corruption still a major issue to overcome (US Department of Commerce, 2012). Furthermore, it could be mentioned that China is quite risk adverse to the introduction of new building/material techniques, with regulation in place that quite often restricts the entrance of new technology into the market due to an inability for the country to assess its implications on the wider industry, which to some could be seen as a form of protectionism given that the construction sector is such as large employer within the country. While a JV may be beneficial for an international company given its access to a local market doer who understands the market, the company must be wary of the technology or knowledge it would be sacrificing in the process (Cameron, 2012). It may likewise be noted that given current market conditions in China, some Chinese companies may be willing to form JVs with Western counterparts in a bid to gain access into the recovering markets in Europe and the U.S. Again, the difference in regulation may affect the attractiveness of the Chinese market to some businesses. descent Practices taking into account practices, it could be seen that major contracts in China have been known to be awarded more through relationships rather than product/ service eccentric (World Bank, 2014). To some Western companies, this may be business practices they are unwilling to follow, or in some events unwilling t o support the management change that is required to facilitate business in the Chinese market. Taking this into account, the business must ensure that is able to trust the business and its employees in the joint venture. granted the difference in doing business and ethics, the UK Company must ensure that the JV does not contradict its standards in the UK (Cameron, 2012).Key Characteristics key characteristics of the market may also be of importance given that it could be assumed the Chinese growth in construction has to part been fuelled by quantity over quality. There have been a number of reports detailing the major $Billion efforts by cities within China to essentially support rapid expansion, however most of the building take on appears to be of a much lower standard/ design than similar projects in the western economies. With this, it becomes a question of whether the current market in China would fit in with the interests and desired outcomes of the UK Company seeking the J V.To provide come concluding remarks, the UK must ensure that it picks a Chinese partner that meets its UK ethical standards and business practices, essentially aligning their priorities to develop a viable business plan for the JVs development in the marketplace (Paton, 2008). The company must also ensure that its safeguarding its intellectual property, mainly when dealing with Chinese companies that are in need of new development/ technology to improve competitiveness in their home market. The company must also ensure that it picks a partner where it can be an equal stakeholder it he project (Bosshart et al, 2010)ReferencesAECOM (2013) Asia Construction Outlook 2014, London, AECOM.Anderson, D. and Anderson, L. (2010) beyond Change Management, London, Wiley Publications.Bosshart, S., Luedi, T. and Wang, E. (2010) Past lessons for Chinas new joint ventures, London, McKinsey & Company.BREE (2014) China Resources Quarterly Southern Winter- Northern Summer 2014, Sydney, Bureau of Resou rces and Energy Economics.Cameron, E. and Green, M. (2012) Making good sense of Change Management, London, Kogan Page Publishers.EUSME (2013) The construction sector in China, Beijing, European Union Research Centre.Financial Times (2014) Online Doing trade in China, Available at http//im.ft-static.com/ capability/images/892eae14-6323-11e4-8a63-00144feabdc0.pdf, Accessed 10.11.2014.Liu, B. Wang, X. Chen. C and Ma, Z. (2014) Research into the dynamic development trend of the competitiveness of Chinas regional construction industry, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 18(1), pp1-10.Paton, R. and McCalman, J. (2008) Change Management A Guide to Effective Implementation, London, SAGE Publications.Rowley, C. and Cooke, F. (2014) The changing face of management in China (Vol. 6), London, Routledge.U.S Department of Commerce. (2012) 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S Companies, Washington, U. Department of Commerce.World Bank. (2014) Doing Business 2015 Going Beyond Efficiency Economy Profile 2015 China, Washington, World Bank.Wu, J. Deng, Y. and Liu, H. (2014) House price index construction in the nascent housing market the case of China, The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 48(3), pp522-545.

Creative Story Essay

Later at the picnic, Sharon was seen with a debonair and handsome man. The man had puffed muscles, straight keen-sighted hair and a surfing board in his arm. Although Sharon had this habit of mingling too much with adult men but we sensed some risk of exposure with this man. Maryann and I talked to Gray about this but he was too busy with his drinks and his girlfriends. Gray was an old and mutual friend of ours but asking for his help was bootless at this moment. Maryann and I returned to the backyard of the hut, where Sharon was spotted with the man.To our surprise, she was not there and the man had also disappeared from there. Maryann and I looked at each others faces and then ran towards the garage to get wind Sharons car. No sign of Rolls Royce Phantom that was owned by the wealthy Sharon. Her inherited wealth had attracted a lot of young and charming men towards her and many another(prenominal) tried to marry her to have a share in her wealth, but Sharon did not understand most of the mens intention. She was fooled easily by the warmheartedness and honey filled conversations of such men.However, Maryann and I were living with Sharon and we had every right to protect Sharon from these dangers. When we could not find the car, we panicked. We tried bellyacheing Sharon but her cell ear telephone was turned off. I was facing a dilemma of whether to make a phone call to our uncle, Fargo, who was in FBI or make a phone call to 911. It was hard to decide because the Fargo uncle has had some sexual encounters with Sharon in the past and we did not want that to happen again.So I took out my cell phone and started dialing 911. The phone was on my ear as I was making the phone call and there was a strong beam of car light upon us in the garage. A car came slowly accelerating towards us and the number plate said AA-42321-V. This made us happy I dropped the phone and leaped towards the Phantom, just to see the trunk of Sharon lying in the car and the driver ble eding to death.

A Good Persuasive

A good persuasive audition topic would consist of two essential components the capability to persuade people with your writing skills and the jiffy is to select a persuasive essay topic, which would interest the large number of audience. One of the trickiest tasks in persuasive essay writing process is choosing a cover topic. Make sure the topic you choose must be creative, original, of your interest and you have some knowledge regarding it. It must be presented in a just about convincing matter. Many students fail to choose a convincing topic and therefore, they are unable to attain good marks.Utilize all the available resources in tell apart to find a topic for your persuasive essay. You can find numerous topics from books, class lectures, Internet, magazines, newspapers, television programs and experiencing the phenomena on your own. Following are some persuasive essay topic from, which you can choose a topic of your choice Advertisement targeting practices Internet privacy issues Clash of civilization Environmental issues Homosexuality Is music downloading abominable? Wealth and power Life beyond earth Women and Islam Steroid and sports Discuss the difference between the life of big city and small city splendor of games in a students life Effects of globalization on ones life Space exploration Morality and Religion Commercials of liquor Cyber stalkers Immigration Policies Religion in Schools and Colleges Nurture versus Nature Influence of media on ones life Salary caps for professional students Is human cloning right? Terrorist attack in Iraq Are beauty contests abusive? Disney films Violent movies Internet filters Plastic surgery programs Sports gambling Effects of beer commercials on elementary school children Professional athletic strikes Benefits of team work in an governing Criminals and Criminology Ecology of Earth Understanding Addictions Commercialization of sports Above are some persuasive essays topics th at help students in choosing a topic of their interest. When selecting a topic, it is necessary to limit in mind, the topic you choose must be of your interest and you have some knowledge regarding it.

Connection Between Human and Animals Essay

The soul is the same in all aliveness creatures, although the body of apiece is different. This was quoted by Hippocrates, a Greek philosopher. The numerous fauna imageries in Timothy Findleys book The Wars ar used to show the similarities and differences of the way how human perform animals and their life. The characters master key trounce, Rodwell and Robert Ross reveal their own connections to the animals respectively, and the connections fully prove the good side and the bad side of human nature. Captain slash is a commanding officer, he is oneness of the negative characters and he treats animals without humanity in the novel. When the barn yard is on fire, Roberts first thought is the animals, and he wants to set the horses and mules free. However, Captain Leather tries to prevent Robert from freeing them, a hundred horses and thirty-five mules, and he does not even care about those real lives. He screams at Delvin, Shut those matinee idol damn gates Shut them Shut t hem You traitor (183). He is a selfish officer, and he is very cruel and merciless to animals.A life actor nothing to Captain Leather, and he has no feeling towards the death of the spends. When Robert tells Captain Leather that perhaps in that location are a lot of soldiers died in the trench, Captain Leather does not even worry about it, he seems to think that those men were born for rubbish and sacrificing for the wars Leather even said Just so when Robert explained that he hadnt been able to locate his men and that he feared they had all been killed (116). Captain Leather orders Robert and his men to go to the forward position to set up the guns, and Robert knows that they will be dead for certain because the position is very closed to the German lines. Captain Leather does not understand how dangerous the war is, and he just gives orders Laid down the purpose of the new guns. Gun beds would have to be put in here and here and there and there. Here and there was all rightbut there and there was a death trap (116).Captain Leather never cares about the soldiers lives, and fighting a war is just like playing a game for him. He totally loses his humanity in the brutal war. In the novel, Rodwell always shows favor and mercy to injured animals and wants to protect them. He is an optimistic person, and he knows how to enjoy his life during the war. Toad is one of the animals that Robert has saved. Even though nobody likes toad because of their fugly appearance, Rodwell unperturbed wants to cure the injured toad, he cherishes every creatures life. The toad in any case has strong vitality, just like every soldier that wants to pull through during the war Rodwell had saved the toad by putting it into the drinking water pail and placing sheets of Devlins glass on top (133). Rodwell saved a cony during the war. The rabbit is a symbol of innocent and purity, just like Rowena and himself, and the rabbit reminds Robert of Rowena.The rabbit has survived when the y got attacked The rabbit turned with its eyes shut tight and huddled in the corner of its cage facing Robert (110). Rodwell tries to defend the animals with his life, although he knows that he can possibly lose his life. He respects animals and he tries to prevent the German from cleanup spot a cat, but he fails. He sees the cats life as his own life and he cannot accept the abuse of cats, so that in the end he chooses to commit suicide They would not be stopped-and, seeing that he took an interest, theyd forced him to watch the killing of a cat. Half an hour later, Rodwell wandered into No Mans Land and put a bullet through his ears (135). Rodwell is like the animals, having purity and virtuous, he is not like the soldiers, violent, and killing, he appreciates and respects every living creature in his life. Although the war is cruel, it does not destroy Rodwells conscience. He is still very kind to his friends and family.When Bonnycastle, Devlin and Levitt introduce Rodwell to R obert, they give their high appraisal of Rodwell, Bonnycastle says, He thinks Robert will like Rodwell The animals have all been injured. Thats Rodwells sort of hospital (85). Rodwell predicts that he will die in the war, so he writes a letter to his daughter. The letter indicates Rodwells faith and the value of life. In the letter, Rodwell writes, I am alive in everything I touch. Touch these pages and you have me in your fingertips. We survive in one another. Everything lives forever. Believe it. Nothing dies (135). Rodwell only draws animals in his sketchbook just like communicating with animals, but Robert is the only human being in the book. Rodwell draws Robert because he sees Robert as one of the animals which are pure and innocent unfortunately, Robert is trapped by the war, In all of themon every page, the drawings were of animals.Of maybe a hundred sketches, Roberts was the only human form. Modified and mutatedhe was one with the others (138). Rodwell sacrifices his life f or the wars, but his soul will be alive forever. His faith and mercy will uphold in their memories as long as their live. The protagonist Robert Ross has connection with the animals portraits in the story reflects his personalities and the circumstances that he encounters. Once Robert ran with a coyote, he wondered why the coyote did not even kill any animals as a food source. Although the coyote is a predator, it only kills the ones who threaten its life And when it came to the perplex where the gophers had been sitting, neither did it pause to scuffle the burrows or even to sniff at them. It just went right on trotting-forward towards its goal (25).The friendship between Robert and coyote is also peaceful, the coyote notices that Robert is behind and it allows Robert to follow. The coyote trusts Robert, it knows that Robert will not hurt it and it tries to communicate with Robert. This can be shown in the novel the valley was vacant safeand that Robert could occur to the waters edge to drink. It barked three timesa precise announcement it was leaving (27). This strongly proves that human and animals can be friends, and the coyote is one of his friends in his life. In the novel, the rat symbolizes the hope and life. Robert saw a rat was trapped in the waterlogged trenches he sets that rat free, because that was the only alive animal that is in the trenches. Later, Robert wondered if setting the rat free had been a favorbut in the moment that he did it he was thinking here is someone still alive (114). The rats life is just like humans life, both of them are precious.Throughout the whole novel, every time when the boo appears, it symbolizes freedom, life and warning. When Robert is in trouble, the skirt will appear and give him a signal. Robert hears the raspberry bush is singing when he rolls everywhere and sees the German, and then he realizes the sound of bird means that the German relents and shows mercy. He just let Robert and his men go A bird sa ng, something like a white-throated sparrow one long flavour descending three that wavered. This was the bird that had sung before (127). After the German gets killed, the bird sings again, this time, the sound of bird is sorrowful. The bird is sad for the death of the German, also the bird is like the soldiers, it does not like the war, and it aspires for peace The bird sangThe sound of it would haunt him to the day he died (131). Robert Ross sees his shadow from these animals, they have same characteristic and they are all very kind.As a soldier, Robert knows that the value of human life is treasurable so that he does not want to kill the innocents. The death of Rowena has a self-aggrandizing impact on Roberts life, and this incident changes his whole life. Even though Robert does not kill Rowena, he thinks that Rowenas death is related to him. Robert feels guilty about Rowenas death, so that he wants to join the war and escape from pain, All he knew was that his hands felt empt y. In this mind, they kept reaching out for the concealment of Rowenas chair (19). When Robert and his soldiers get gas attacked, Robert acts calm, and he reacts very fast. Robert is the only one who has the gas mask, and the rest of the soldiers do not have masks.Robert gives his mask to a wounded soldier, he does not even consider himself, and he just wants to save all the lives. He orders the rest of soldiers to urinate on their shirts and put it over their faces. They lie down for a moment, lastly, they get saved but unluckily, the injured soldier died, Robert threw the gas mask at Bates. Put that over the injured soldiers face. And remember this gun is pointed right at your back (124). When Robert and his soldiers try to climb out from the trenches, he sees a German soldier and he is lenient so that he decides to ignore the German soldier He didnt want to point it at him yet. He waited to see what reaction the gun itself would get (129).As a soldier, Robert is not cruel, he ap preciates every life, and he tries his best to protect his friends and family. By comparison, Captain Leather, Rodwell and Robert Ross, they treat animals and humans differently, Rodwell and Robert Ross are kind, but Captain Leather is cruel. Findley uses the relationships between humans and animals to reveal that in most cases, the nature of human is pure and innocent but sometimes merciless. Throughout the whole novel, human who respect animals life also show the most respect for life in general. As a reader, I realize that all the living creatures in the world are the same, they should respect each other.Works CitedHippocrates. Notable Quotes about Animals & Humanity.Findley, Timothy. The Wars. Canada Penguin Group, 2005.

Original Course work †Urban Myths Essay

The scream rang through the trees. Pounding footsteps thudded their way through the wood. Twigs snapped and cracked like brittle b aces. She slowed go through to a trot, assay to make intellect of where she was. Her ears pricked. Listening for following footsteps. Realising she had been holding her breath, she gasped and breeze flooded her body.Only half(prenominal) an hour before she had been sit down perfectly happy with her boyfriend. Her vision glazed everyplace as silent drops shake off to the ground, remembering how Josh had got out of the car to investigate a noise they had perceive. She sank down to the bottom of the tree, as she recalled how ten transactions later, when he hadnt returned, she had got out, only to find his pale form hanging from the tree above. Blood stained the top of the car where it had spilt from his neck, draping down over his shoulder like a carpet of scarlet. Whoever done this mustnt be too furthest away. They could be watching her, waitin g for herThe bodies of two teenagers countenance been found in Thornby Woods early this morning by a local dog walker. The bodies have been described as horrifically mutilated and the result of a brutal murder. At the moment police are investigating leads including the name Aidan spelt in blood on the roof of the car. Hopefully this will bring the monster to justice.I cant believe something like that could happen here, its just so unbelievable, said Diana. The others nodded in agreement. The four were sat around a table in their local caf. There was Diana, diddly and the twins, Kerry and Kevin. The twins with their unique coppery red hair and blue startling eyes, stood out from Diana and Jack with his subject name, and fairly plain features.You screw what this sounds like, said Jack then hesitated, the urban legend more or less the guy in the car with his lady friendfriend. The others looked at him. further theyre made up stories, they would never come true, argued Diana.The t wins, who had a habit of speaking in unison, started speaking but then fell silent, as the television in the corner of the caf flashed on again and more about the murders was broadcast.Later that night, Kerry was sat in the library. The essay she was trying to write was start to give her a headache. The ticking clock, mounted on the wall, showed her it was nearly midnight. As she stifled a yawn, she pulled the books shut and gathered up her stuff. Silently, she made her way down the deserted corridors and up the stairs to her room. When she arrived she turned the key slowly in the lock, so as not to wake her roommate, Stacie. She climbed into bed and her eyes shut as her head rested on the pillow.The next morning, sunlight streamed through the windows. It was a Monday morning and everyone was trying to stay in bed as long as possible. Suddenly, the silence was broken as a scream go up from Kerrys room. Kevin and Diana were archetypal there. As they pushed the door open, they saw Stacies dead body surrounded by bloodstained sheets. Kerry was whimpering softly, slouched against the bed. Kevin noticed the mirror out of the corner of his eye. Smeared across the glass in blood-red lipstick were the words, Bet youre glad you didnt turn on the light. It was signed Aidan.Kevin rushed over to Kerry, trying to comfort her, glancing over his shoulder at Diana. She stood like a statue, a scandalize expression spreading across her face. Jack came rushing into the room.Whats happened?, he broke off. He had seen the body. The four friends sat bewildered, silently hugging each other.Kerry couldnt concentrate. Everyone had idea it best if she went to her lessons and time-tested to for score about it, but she couldnt. Her mind kept discharge natural covering to that morning when she had opened her eyes. The first thing she had seen was the body. The damn image flashed before her. Finally, after what had seemed like hours, the end of college bell rang. Kerry slowly ma de her way over to the caf where she was going to meet Jack and Kevin.When she arrived, no one else was there, so she pulled a magazine out of her bag. As she did so, a plain envelope came with it and dropped to the floor. Curiously, she tore it open and jerked the paper out. Youre next, it spelt out, in carefully cut out letters from a newspaper headline. Kerry crammed the paper back in the envelope, as Jack and Kevin came through the door.You feeling any make better? asked Jack, concerned. Kerry nodded her head and had to force a smile.You know, this murder also sounds like an urban legend, dont you think? Jack continued, ignoring Kevins warning look. Who do you regard is behind it?Drew, the class swot, came over. Have you not heard? The police are looking for a man with the name Aidan, round about 20 age old, he recited, sounding like a news reporter.Why? asked Kerry, turning her head towards Drew.The name has been found at both the murder scenes, so its likely it was left by the killerBut I dont know anyone called Aidan, said Kerry puzzled.Could be an outside job, it doesnt have to be anyone on campus. Do you know anyone that would do something that sick?I suppose it makes it more likely to be some lunatic, half-whispered Kerry, but Drew had already turned away and had started telling the news to the table next to them.Hey guys. Their conversation was interrupted by Dianas arrival, which was always noticeable. Her slim figure and blonde hair made her popular with the boys. She joined them at the table.So has everyone has a nice day? she said with a smile. The others just looked at her. Kerry looked as though she was about to cry.Oh sorry, I forgot about this morning, she answered cheerfully. Kerrys chair scraped back as she got up to go. She pulled her bag onto her shoulder and left without saying a word.Whats up with her today? questioned Diana.Well maybe shes upset cos one of her friends was murdered right underneath her nose and she found the body e xclaimed Jack.Kerry had gone to the library. She couldnt jump out being in her room after what had happened. As she sat, staring at the open book infront of her, but not taking one word in, a fathom called out her name. Turning sharply around, thinking it could easily be the killer, she saw, to her relief, it was Jack.I just came to see if you were all right. He muttered his apology for scaring her.Yeah. Im okay well sort of, she smiled back.I just thought, well Diana wasnt exactly being sympathetic before and when you walked out, you looked upset to me. I though psyche had better come after you. He paused and looked at her, You sure youre all right?Kerry looked away and sighed. Well not exactly, I got this letter, someone must have planted it in my bag. She handed over the letter to Jack.His eyes scanned the letter and his expression turned into that of alarm.You really should take this to the police, he said, his eyes groovy her own with serious anxiety.She turned her head so she wouldnt have to stare into his hazel eyes, so caring, so tender, soWhats the point? her voice shuddered, It doesnt mean its necessarily from him. Its probably some dumb kid playing a sick joke to upset meWell, if youre sure. But come on, dont you think you should call it a day? Jack said, standing up and taking Kerrys bag.Where am I going to sleep? I mean, I dont want to sleep in my room tonight, she shivered.Im sure you can share Dianas room. Come on well go up there now. Kerry followed Jack and together they walked up the three flights of stairs to Dianas room.Ten minutes later, Kerry sat on the spare bed, while Jack said his good byes. Finally they were left alone.Look Im really sorry about before you know. I really shouldnt have said that, apologised Diana, humbly.Its okay, said Kerry smiling at her friend and laying back on the bed. A large sigh rose from her chest. She looked around the room, so much different from her own. The walls were a soft shade of purple with variou s famous prints dotted around. Cream curtains hung at the windows, drawn back gracefully, allowing the orange, golden sunlight to stream in.Her eyes moved around the room and stopped at the desk placed in the corner. There, lying on a grass of schoolbooks, was a newspaper, maybe a day or two old. Kerry could clearly see off-cuts and torn pages nestled on top.Have you been working on a project? she asked, the sarcasm stung her words.What do you mean, project? Dianas eyes followed her gaze. Her laugh rang through the room.Yeah, its a project all right.Kerry instantly sat up on the bed and turned to face Diana.You she squabble accusingly.Diana let out a jeering laugh. I wondered how long it would take you to realise, she half laughed, half spoke.Realise what exactly? That you sent me that letter? How could you be so cruel? cried Kerry, scrambling off the bed and onto her feet to face Diana.Cruel? You dont even know the meaning of the word, cruelWhatWhat precisely do you mean? question ed Kerry, her throat tightening.When I saw that girl and boy in the car, I though that it was you and JackYou mean, youyou didnt, did you? Kerry stared in disbelief.Yeah, I followed them, then killed them, if thats what youre trying to say. The stupid thing was, I didnt realise it wasnt Jack until he was dead. And of course the girl had to go in case she saw anything, sneered Diana, boasting about her serial killing. She quickly strode to the door and locked it before Kerry even had a chance to move. Kerry noticed for the first time, that even though Diana was pretty, she was tall, fit and could probably easily manage to hold someone in a struggle.Kerry caught her breath and inhaled deeply.But why did you kill them because you thought they were Jack and I? Why did you want to kill us?Diana hesitated. You dont understand anything? Do you? Well I suppose we have a few minutes before I have to kill you.Her hand rose from behind her back. The sharp point of the knife sparkled in the aut umn light, move spears of the reflected spark, dancing on the walls. With the knife poised, ready for action, she continued.I thought I could have anyone I precious. But I didnt want anyone I wanted Jack. Her eyes flashed, dangerously. The knife still held, its flickering gleam reflected into Kerrys eyes, dazzling her. Kerry swallowed, her heart beating faster, yearning to escape this torture.I wanted Jack badly, Diana continued, walking in circles around Kerry, as though she the predator and Kerry the prey.But, he didnt want me, did he? Oh no, he wanted you she hissed.Me? stammered Kerry, I didnt know.Of course, you, wouldnt, spat Diana, so I thought, well if I cant have him, no one can. Especially you So I came up with a nice, unsubdivided plan to kill you both. You could rot in hell together for all I cared.So when you killed Stacie, you thoughtI was killing you, Diana finished. Yeah Stupid flaw really, but I made up for it by making it look like it was to scare you. Funny rea lly how urban legends can come true, isnt it.By now Diana was stood face to face with Kerry. Anyway, enough talk Now you get whats been coming to you. She laughed and thrust the knife down infront of her, ripping the air apart. Kerry stumbled backwards to the other side of the room. Her sweaty palms clambered at the door handle.Looking for this? taunted Diana holding the key out.Staring blindly around, Kerry picked up a chair and threw it at Diana. It narrowly missed her and smashed into the wall. Diana was moving forward, knowing that Kerry didnt have anywhere to go. Only the bed stood between Kerry and her attacker. Diana drove the knife into the bed, ripping the duvet and shredding the sheets. In the commotion of feathers from the pillow, Kerry ran to the door and started banging and shouting for help. Surely someone would hear.In the meantime, Diana continued to pursue her. Kerry grabbed at anything books, furniture, pens went flying. Some managed to hit Diana, obstructing her. Trying not to get injured by the knife, Kerry attempted to take it off Diana. Diana stood up, her eyes blazing like the fires of hell.One thing I dont understand, said Kerry, trying to buy more time, is why the name Aidan was found at the murder scenes.Ever though of rearranging my name? panted Diana, Diana spells Aidan. No one was clever enough to crack that. It even managed to put the police off. Now stop this idle chit-chat and let me kill you, nice and slowly, her voice cackled as she flew at Kerry, the knife close to her throat. Kerry tried to push her arm away. She couldnt keep her off for much longer. She battled with Diana and they both lost their balance. Tumbling over Diana had the better position, holding the knife inches away from Kerrys neck. Goodbye KerryThe door to the room flew open. The surprise stopped Diana as she looked up. Jack and Kevin stood gaping in horror at the scene. Rapidly, they ran over and pulled Diana off Kerry. The knife dropped to the floor with a clang.Five policemen were standing in the entrance and with Kevins help, carried the screaming Diana away. Jack was left helping a very shaky Kerry to her feet.I heard screaming, he mumbled, I rushed to help with Kevin. Kerry didnt say a word. Tears swept from her eyes, as she realised the terror was over, and she was still alive. A far away shriek disturbed the comforting silence surrounding Kerry and Jack. The wail of sirens echoed into the distance.Its all over now, I look for you, Jack, holding Kerry, I promise

“Gentlemen Prefer Blondes” Comedy Essay

Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a 1953 Musical-Comedy released by 20th Century Fox, directed by Howard Hawks and feature Marilyn Munroe and Jane Russell the two greatest sex symbols of the era. The cameras point of view is that of the male gaze, where women are regarded as objects of fascination and the men are fictitious to have a position of power. Hawks shows how it can be easily hijacked by females smart enough to control, manipulate and ultimately blur the male gaze. As much as this film is cleft for the male gaze it is as much for a female audience as it is for males.In the song-and-dance sequence, When Love Goes ill-treat, the two female protagonist had just been expelled from the hotel by Gus. Though the situation for Lorelei and Dorothy should be one where they are left helpless and powerless the scene until now displays the opposite. In the entire scene both female protagonist are captured front and center with close ups and the lighting on their faces is well defined whi ch gives them a sense of importance and power. At the same time the men gather around them captivated, braggy their undivided attention to the females as they sing and dance giving them a position of control over the men.Their position of power is so prominent that they even get the admiration of young boys who seem to be capital of Italys. Gypsys are known to be quick, sharp and in control when it comes to stealing but in this scene their heads are turned by the sensual Lorelei and they are totally distracted. Bothe females are well aware of their manipulative powers as Dorothy encourages Lorelei to use her charms, saying, Do it now, do itWhat appears to be submissive to the male gaze, in this scene however they put on a chow in exchange to negotiate their presence and have their voices heard in a dominantly male world. When the females are seated they appear to be two damsels in distress, however the movement of standing up represents liberty and the space they command when mov e communicates freedom and power. A melancholy moment turns to a vibrant and fun sing-and-dance where they reject the actions of men to have power over their emotions.Though the scene is shot in the view of the male gaze the line is blurred when Lorelei and Dorothy use their sensual and attractive appearance to control, manipulate and command power in a dominantly male world. By this the scene takes a turn to cater to the female sight giving a sense of empowerment and independence in a situation where they should be the damsels in distress.

Learn English

Name Nguyen Cong Duy Class AE2a A Happy Campus A happy campus is an evoke and happy place to study and relax. People feel comfortable when they come here. A happy city is well-designed and there are many wakeless facilities. at that place are also many places for education environment. Many people come from over the world. People in a happy campus want to create a officious environment. Although they may come from difference backgrounds, they are able to respect each other and share ideas.They can enjoy influences from other cultures such as different languages, and take part in multicultural events. There are many good facilities in a happy campus. Campus has a big length with sports facilities such as four artificial football field, one swimming pool, one badminton field, one basketball court, one tennis court and gyms, and campus has green trees and hospitable environment which students can take a rest and play team sports to relax after stressed study hours.Some good equi pment in happy campus regard to study such as computer library, projectors, television, sports facilities and a lot of books which are good for students with their free time. A happy campus need to have a good education environment. There are many clubs for students to join such as commerce, English, finance and marketing clubs in their free time. In addition, students can study conference in free time and take part in outside activities such as playing team sports, going swimming and playing active games together which were created by students.

Conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 Essay

The main reason for hidebound handedness in the years 1951 to 1964 was advertise disunity? Access the asperity of this view I agree with this statement as the labour society leaders were ageing. The labour leaders were from the pre- struggle era therefore it meant that they were non in touch with the population. This guide to labour disunity throughout the years as it caused Attlee to retire, he found that he couldnt understand what the young treasured. For the man they left their trust with the labour society and put it in the conservatives as they felt that labour had failed to create the consumer revolution that everyone had hoped for. By 1951 the state-supported were also fed up with the rationing that they still had to endure even though the war had end 6 years ago therefore this helped the conservative dominance in those years. Another reason as to why labour disunity was to blame for labour dominance was the gro extension get around in the party caused by the Beva nites and Gaitskillites. The split in the party was due to Gaitskell introducing prescription and dentistry charges. Bevan supported the left shape upg of the party whereas Gaitskell supported the right wing of the party and followed Attlee in becoming the next leader of labour g all overnment. The split led to disunity as Gaitskell didnt moderate the full support of the party his ideas were always going to be argued against. Another reason why the split caused disunity in the labour party was to do with the contend unions. The trade unions were supporting the left wing of the party this was a problem particularly during the Scarborough conference in 1960. wienerwurst Cousins was the leader of the one of the most powerful unions, TGWU (transport and general workers) and was an extreme left wing. He led jolting opposition to Gaitskell over Britains thermonuclear weapons. Gaitskell wanted Britain to subscribe to nuclear weapons because of the looming threat of Russia, during the cold war they could wipe out countries at any term. At the party conference in Scarborough Frank Cousins strange Gaitskells leadership over the labour party and in particular nuclear weapons. He challenged Gaitskell over his decision not to refect unilateral disarmament. This caused disunity in the party because it showed to the public how weak the labour party was if a trade union leader, who had no power within the party was fit to dictate what they did. It showed to them that someone who was a small minority was up to(p) to gather a lot of power. It was humiliation for Gaitskell because it showed he wasnt fitting to control what was happening to the party. Alsodisunity in the party was due to the fact that the left wing of the party was closely associated with CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament). The left wing side of the labour party were in favour of nuclear disarmament and cosmos connected with nuclear disarmament scared many labour supporters. Many concourse were n ot in favour of nuclear disarmament as it was at the height of the cold war and they were scared of a nuclear war happening this link between the CND and the labour party could have led to many voters turning away from the labour party in the 1959 election.Another reason which could have turned populate away from voting for the labour party in the 1959 election was the association of CND being anti-government. Their unilateralism became a powerful magnet for anti-government protest in some ways it almost was seen as a substitute for opposition in government. With many labour left-wingers associated with one of the most powerful pressure groups in Britain it made people question the ideas that the labour government had and their ability to run the country. The final reason for a split in labour disunity was clause four. Clause four was the commitment to nationalisation of everything which was a feeling towards socialism and communism. Gaitskell put forward the idea to abolish this clause and labours commitment to nationalisation to nationalisation. He was strike with the way Germany had dumped their commitments to Marxist ideas in their party conference in 1959. Many people including the left wing of labour opposed this idea and Gaitskell had to back d protest from his idea. With events happening in the world connected with socialism and communism, the abolishment of clause four was linked to the ideas of radical socialism which scared people as it was besides close to communism for their liking. However it wasnt just the labour disunity that caused the conservative party to remain dominant. The conservatives had strengths of their own that they used to the best of their ability. When conservatives came into power in 1951 it marked the end of the austerity era and the start of the stain war boom. From 1952 most economic indicators pointed upwards with the boom in car ownership, home ownership increased, helped by the easy access to cheap mortgages and foo d rationing ended completely in 1954.Harold Macmillan who was then the trapping minister fulfilled the election pledge of getting new homes constructed above 300,000 per year. The age of affluence helped obtain the conservatives dominant in politics as it meant the public saw that partyas the ones who could make a change. Also the conservatives keeping their promises meant the public would respect them. In the run up to the 1955 election Butler was able to boost conservative election prospects with a give-away budget. This meant for people in the middle classes would be provided with 134 million in tax cuts. For these middle classes it meant an overwhelming support in favour of the conservatives because of the classes that might not have been able to afford the consumer goods were given a chance to. For the conservatives in the 1955 general election the public mood was what was depict as a feel good factor. They wanted the continuation of the consumer goods and therefore they wou ld continue to vote for the conservatives as they saw them as the party who would be able to offer them it. Another reason for conservative dominance was that the national press was overwhelmingly in favour with the conservatives. During the 1955 election this helped win support and it also helped during Macmillans time as prime minister. Macmillan seemed to have the media in the palm of his hand using the new political opportunities that were provided by the television. With the conservative party gaining wide spread coverage throughout the country and labour not, it meant people knew more about the conservative party. With the national press focusing on the conservatives it gave them enough attention to win the elections crushing labour in every defeat. An important reason for the conservative dominance was the personalities that led the party.Winston Churchill gained his temperament for leading Britain to victory during the war. However during his post war leadership he was very much go away and Anthony Eden the acting prime minister led the conservatives. Eden was the first prime minister that the public felt they could understand what they wanted. Anthony Eden was said to have represented contemporary manhood. This led the public to gestate that for the first time after the war they would receive the benefits that they wanted. Eden has also many progressive ideas in domestic affairs however in the end this was his downfall. The Suez crisis split the conservative party and for the first time it looked like they would be weakened and labour would take power however it didnt. Eden was resigned in 1957 and Harold Macmillan who led the campaign to abort the Suez crisis emerged as prime minister.He restored the party unity and in the 1959 led the conservatives to other win in the election. Macmillan from 1957 showedhis aura of confidence and political mastery. This showed to the public that the politicians and leaders in the party were whole willed and wou ld do anything in their power to protect their country. This gave the conservatives the respect that they needed to go on and win the elections. general I think that although the labour party were weak, and this weakness led to the conservatives dominating politics and government conservative dominance was due to the power that the leaders had. The people saw that this party was able to give them everything they wanted with the age of affluence. Also conservatives made sure that labour supporters would change sides as they gave respect to the labours post war consensus. With keeping with the post war consensus it showed to the people they were leaders who knew what they party wanted and not the ageing leaders in the labour party.

Origin of Science and the Crusade

But when we look at the history of the world Egyptian, Greeks, Roman, Persian, Mongolia, Saracen, British, Dutch, Portuguese, Chinese, Indian and both others had been the super power in different periods of the history. Yet when we talk some(prenominal)body about a scientific Inventions and discoveries or major leap In the scientific development most tent to point their fingers towards the atomic number 63 if It Is earlier 18th ascorbic acid and towards the USA if it is after 1 9th speed of light. This sort of behavior is deep down in our minds. But is this correct?If so, why the non-European nations were super power? For this I think we accept to take a Journey in the history of Science from the early Egyptians. In this short article I would kindred to take an excursion bout the origins of knowledge, where there the history had been littered with some manipulation and misconception. According to many in the world the science was begun by Greeks and was positive by the post renaissance Europe. As the comparable time solely the great cultures like Persian, Egyptian, Chinese and Indian had no clue regarding the science.But when we look at the history of these subtletys we can understand how developed they were in the history. Egyptians were one of the early races before Greeks who were developed in the Science. They were well versed In anatomy (for art), astronomy and astrology, which ere inseparably linked in ancient Egypt, biological science and veterinary medicine, chemistry, geography, geology, history, law, geometry, medicine, mineralogy, pedagogy(education), philosophy, physics, sociology and theology 1. Irrigation scheme of Nile, tall standing pyramids and the mummies are some example of scientific try of the Egyptians.Geometry was applied in the Egypt for tax purposes before the so called Euclid of Greece wrote the book of The Elements. Here comes another manipulation of tarradiddle again in the form of Euclid. Many text books refer Euclid was a white male in conclusion from Greece and ivied in Alexandria around three nose candy B. C. But no such person was brisk on this mother earth. The author of this book is a black woman from Alexandria who lived around fifth century C. E. 2 From these arguments we can assure that the Greek were not the starting one to begin the Science.Now lets go through the development of Science. If we consider the manipulated version of the science history, we get a wide blank span of time from the Greek civilization to the renaissance Europe. Where were the text and the sources of these scientific theorems and formulae? Were they 2 Origin of Science and the crusades I Mohamed Gammy Shifter_209110164 buried in the Mount Olympus? No. They were translated taken into custody by another civilization which have contri merelyed to the many of the scientific development and not credited to it.Yes it was taken into the custody by Islamic Civilization. They hold these texts of Greek until the cr usades 2. The westbound claims that the Muslim merely translated the works of Greek and preserved it. They never did develop the ideas in the text. This argument is absurd. The Muslims very much ruled from the shore Atlantic Ocean to the boarders of China. And they Just preserved these texts which cost a fortune with the papyrus technology. Many books from Baghdad Library were destroyed by the invasion of Mongols over Jeremiah on 13th century C. E.But the contributions of All Bin Sins (Vicua) whose The Book of Healing was text book for medicine in many gallant universities3, Legalize Bin al Haitian, Jabber bin Hays, AAA Affair, Muhammad bin Carrying al Razz, Bin al-Naifs were indispensable in the scientific history. All bin Shall Arabian al-Tabor was an Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist of Zoroastrian descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedias of medicine. Even the number system we used today was introduced systems Lets have brief a look on the other civili zations which contributed to the science.Like the crest on the peacocks head, like the gem in the cobras hood, so stands mathematics Oat the head of all the sciences. Vided literature of Indian Culture is replete with concepts of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. Arguably, the origins of conglutination lie in India 300 years before Leibniz and Newton. Algebraic theories was developed by Rapacity who lived in 5th century C. E. ND another mathematician Backbenchers was the first to was the first to conceive of differential calculus in 12th century. near of us are familiar with Roman numerals.Think you are sitting in a class doing Calculus using Roman numerals. You are going to write 1788 in Roman numerals it will be ANTICLIMACTIC. You even cant think of doing calculus by using this number system. From this we can conclude that calculus was not developed or used in early Europe. Ancient Indians development in chemistry was alike in a higher le vel and used in a variety of practical activities. In any early civilization, metallurgy has remained an activity central to all civilizations from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, to all other civilizations that followed Indian achieved the higher level of metallurgy.By the side of Stub Minor in New Delhi, there is an iron newspaper column erected during Array Guppy period around 500 AD. This pillar is 7. 32 meters tall, and has a circumference of 40 CM in the bottom and 30 CM at the top. It has been standing in the open for operate 1500 years, withstanding the wind, heat and weather, but still has not rusted, except minor natural erosion. This kind of rust conclusion iron (steel) was discovered very few decades fore by mixing carbon with iron 4. 3 In addition, the Chinese Dynasty in the Far East was producing gunpowder, paper and establishing printing presses.Moreover, the Calendar system was introduced by Amman civilization that is very famous for predicting apocalypse of the earth. From the above arguments, one can conclude that science was not precisely originated from Greece and it originated universally. Then how did the story Science was originated in Greece came into play? Moreover, where was it originated? These questions can be answered in two simple words church building and Power. From the time hen the state and the church merge, Church initiated the program of distorting history to promote its power.This technology of falsehood was now applied to manage common perceptions5. During the crusades, church captured many text and tent to use them. But theological aspects would not allow them to use a Muslim knowledge. Therefore, they manipulated their people by saying that the knowledge Arab had was belonged to Greeks. Arabs Just preserved it. This story enabled the universities in Europe to use translated Arabic books without contradicting their theology. But on the Arabs side, it was a different story.They built Batty al Hickman (House of Wisdom ) in Baghdad they gathered knowledge from all over the world, including India, Persia and China. They certainly did not restrict themselves to Greek Arabs only had sources to Greeks. So all the knowledge which was acquired from Batty al Hickman in Baghdad became the Greeks, So did all the scientific inventions and discoveries. This theory is being promoted by many scholars of the present too. Here is an example from Lost in the introduction by Walker Percy . .As Whitehead pointed out, it is no coincidence that science sprang, not from Ionian metaphysics, not from theBrahmins-Buddhist-Taoist East, not from the Exceptionally astrological South, but from the heart of the Christian West, that although Galileo fell out with the Church, he would hardly have taken so much trouble studying Jupiter and dropping objects from towers if the reality and value and order of things had not first been conferred by belief in the Incarnation. 6. So anyone from any country has the right to say that t heir ancestors were also one of the pioneers of the science. It is time stand up against the West only theory. The Europeans not only colonized our countries but also our education system.They left our countries long ago. Now it is time to decolonize our education system. And the way we think. 4 References 1Dunn. Ancient Egyptian Science retrieved from http//www. Torturers. Net/ featureless/sciences . hypertext mark-up language 2 Raja, C. K. Euclid and Jesus. Multiversity. 3 http//www. Evangelicalism. Org/ 4 Science, Medicine, Technology in Ancient India retrieved from http// www. Crystalline. Com/indecencies. HTML 5 Raja, C. K. Is science western in origin?. Multiversity. 6 Percy, W. Lost in the Cosmos retrieved from http//www. Columbia. Deed/cue/Augustine/a/science_origin. HTML 5

Analysis of poem “Muliebrity” by Sujata Bhatt Essay

The poem muliebrity by Sujata Bhatt, talks about the power women suffer and the character of women, who take pride in what they do, raze if it is just picking cow-dung. The poet speaks of a lady friendfriendfriend, who is a example of village women, who does the tedious job of picking cow-dung outside a temple and the girl is described in a precise reverential manner. The title of the poem muliebrity, suggests fair sexhood. The connotation of the title, status and power of a woman, is reflected in the poem where the author uses the words greatness and power. The poet talks about her imperative childhood experiences through her poems, victimization an optimistic tone, to make it more affective. With a delightful tone, she describes the scenery at the village.There is use of enjambment in the poem, to stress on how long ago the poet saw the girl and it could also suggest a feeling of nostalgia. A actually simple tone and language is used in the poem, to indicate the repose of the situation. The poet says that she has thought so very much about the girl, suggesting that the poet respects the girl and is in awe of the way the girl holds her head high, despite the fact that she does a menial job of picking dung. The poet ponders on why the girl does something that isnt usually expected to be done by her and stresses on the dignity of labour showing how, even though it is an undermining task, she does it happily. She is impressed by the girls commitment and dedication to her practise. A very positive approach is shown towards the work done, as expectations do not stop the girl from doing what she wants to do.The poet, very intricately describes the feminine movements and attitude of the girl toward her job. she talks about the way she moved her hands and waist, indicating the presence of womanhood in the girl, and even though her job is to scoop dung, which is considered as a very demeaning job, she has retained the femininity in her and quieten has prid e in herself. Even further in the poem, the author depicts the liberty of the girl, as she says power flash through her cheekbones.The poet also describes the stench of the atmosphere in which the girl has to work, as she says smell of cow-dung and smell of monkey-breath. On the contrary, the smell of freshly washed clothes and of canna lilies is alsomentioned, which tells us that though the girls job is not very dignified, the poet approaches the girl very positively. The girl picks up dung outside a temple, which shows that she is serving the society. The poet interprets this job as one which is very respectful. She uses visual imagery, as she describes the surroundings of the girl and the repulsive smells in so much detail, that the audience would be able to imagine the situation. The smells besiege the poet separately and simultaneously, which tells us that though all these smells argon present together, she describes them individually so that it has a deeper impact on the rea ders.The poet says that she doesnt want to use the girl as a metaphor, and as a role model for every other woman, but she doesnt want to go forth the girl, who retained the womanhood in her, irrespective of her job. The poet explores all the feminine qualities of a woman through this poem, elegance, pride, dignity, independence and the way a woman presents herself to the world, having a strong and powerful personality. The poet indirectly conveys to her audience how an ideal woman should be, possessing all the above qualities, and even though the poet mentions that she doesnt want to use the girl as a metaphor, she subtly expresses that every woman should exhibit such traits.Even as the girl picks up cow dung, she feels grave about herself, as she is doing this job for her living, and she takes pride in it, which is what the poet tries to tell the audience. The image of the girl is portrayed very well, and the author uses the girl effectively to explore womanhood.http//en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/Muliebrity

The Soldier – Rupert Broke

The Soldier is a sonnet-type metrical composition composed by a First sphere War veteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke. This sonnet finds a spend speculating about his possible stopping point as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, just silent as disjoint of a selfless tri excepte to his much-loved England. This verse form was scripted as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of valet de chambrey sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a dead on target form of love.It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the king to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for ones land, ones true mother. Rupert Brooke has presented his nationalism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a f altogetheren soldier who declares his nationalism to his motherland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of Eng land. It also deals with the terminal and accomplishments of a soldier.In the opening lines Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a inappropriate land, go out become an English sand, the richness of which go away further be increased by the fertility of an English consistence of a passionately patriotic thought. The idea of an anon. corner of a foreign field where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and nameless nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will forever be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes as if he has in a small way conquered this land.The balmy alliteration here lends these opening lines a subdued tone. He goes on to say that England was his birth plate and it shaped what class of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immo rtal, because he fought for England. The standstill and inclination of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, pudden-head by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried.The poet also emphasizes on Englands abundance and rural beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up beneath the English sunshine bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose draw is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England. His evil deeds dont matter anymore, because he did what was even up he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be for given(p) as he died eon defending his motherland.His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the well behaved of his country with no evil intentions hid den, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest thoughts given by England. His death allows him to that remember the good things about England. It also allows for someone else to come and take his place. He is liberation on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did. The soldier lists all the wonderful experiences that the soldier has gained from England.These dulcet thoughts and memories will be given back to God as the soldier becomes one with Him. The sights and sounds that are go through by the poet in his younger days and the boyhood dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace chthonian an English paradise. The poem ends with a startling proposition the soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been change by the thoughts a nd memories that the soldier has given to God.This heaven is now an English heaven the connection with England will tarry forever unbroken. The sonnets turn from an idyllic or idealized ken of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete. These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. And because he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The plot of this poem reinforces its meaning because it deals with death and love.These are 2 powerful things that evoke feeling in people. It helps to create an image in the poem of a man who is very brave and would do anything for his country. The meaning in the poem is straightforward. The author dedicates the poem to death and love. QESTION Q. delimitate the way Rupert Brooke feels about England. What does he mean by a richer dust? Answer The Soldier is a sonnet-type poem composed by a First World War v eteran and also a war poet named Rupert Brooke.This sonnet finds a soldier speculating about his possible death as we goes away to war, which he feels should not be mourned, but understood as part of a selfless tribute to his much-loved England. This poem was written as the First World War broke out in 1914, as part of a series of many sonnets written by Rupert Brooke. Patriotism is a true form of love. It is a form of love which is pure, yet which has the ability to rage fire for the sake of itself. It is the form of love which is unconditional, immense, true and real for ones land, ones true mother.Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in a spectacular way in this poem. The poem encompasses the memories of a fallen soldier who declares his patriotism to his homeland by stating that his sacrifice shall be the eternal ownership of England. Rupert Brooke has presented his patriotism in such a forceful expression that he considers the sand in which he would be buried, be it a for eign land, will become an English sand, the richness of which will further be increased by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul.The idea of an anon. corner of a foreign field where the soldier will be buried speaks of the unsung and unidentified nature of death in war. Yet the notion that this small space will forever be part of England elevates the sacrifice the soldier makes as if he has in a small way conquered this land. He goes on to say that England was his birth place and it shaped what kind of person he became. It influenced his thoughts and beliefs. England taught him about love, loyalty, and honor. His soul will be immortal, because he fought for England.The association and inclination of his mind and body towards his country is vigorously explained when he claims to create an English land, of an English body, bore by England, brought up by England and educated and fed by England, in the land he will be buried. The poet also emphasizes on Eng lands abundance and pastoral beauty as a kind gift. He refers to himself as a child who grew up under the English sunshine bathe in the English rivers, breathing the fresh air of the English countryside and whose destiny is shaped by the nation itself. His death is justified, because he died for England.His evil deeds dont matter anymore, because he did what was right he fought for his country. Whatever evil things he had done will be forgiven as he died while defending his motherland. His preceding desire is for all present and future generations to think that his heart is reconciled to the good of his country with no evil intentions hidden, but a lively mind in the afterlife which will project the fondest thoughts given by England. He is passing on all the dreams and thoughts that England taught him onto the next generation of soldier so that he can fight with as much heart and honor as he did.The sights and sounds that are experienced by the poet in his younger days and the boyho od dreams that are as clear as the day, the laughter of youth from the circle of friends and that gentleness of heart, whose soul will rest in peace under an English heaven. The soldier finds rest and peace at last in heaven, but heaven has been transformed by the thoughts and memories that the soldier has given to God. This heaven is now an English heaven the connection with England will remain forever unbroken. The sonnets turn from an idyllic or idealized vision of England to the idea of a transcendent and literally heavenly England is complete.These final lines are showing the happiness that England has given him. As he fought for England he will forever be at peace in an English heaven with only good thoughts and laughter in his heart. The poet indicates himself by the word a richer dust. He says that the richness of the foreign land where he will die will be enriched by the fertility of an English body of a passionately patriotic soul. This poem deals with the death and accomp lishments of a soldier. The author dedicates the poem to death and love.

Difference Between Monopoly Pricing and Competitive Pricing Essay

Congress is discussing the possibility of removing letters discernible protection for life saving drugs in rove to reduce the cost of the Medicare and Medicaid systems. Discuss both the short-run and long-run implications for the economic situation of the drug industry. take on in your answer the impact on values, late development, etc. of drugs. Include appropriate graphs showing the exit between monopoly pricing and hawkish pricing.The drug industry currently takes on both monopolistic and competitive market structures. When a drug company develops a new drug, there are patent laws that allow the company to have a monopoly on selling the drug. In the short-run, the company is able to charge the monopoly legal injury (above fringy cost) and maximize profit by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Once the patent runs out, other drug companies have an incentive to enter the market causing it to become more competitive. These new companies produ ce generic versions of the drug and charge a price below the monopolists price. As more and more competitors enter the price is driven down to marginal cost.If congress were to remove patent protection on life-savings drugs, drug companys profits for life saving drugs would decrease. More companies would be able to begin producing the drugs without waiting for the patent period to end therefore, the sea captain drug churchman would non be able to charge the monopoly price for very long because competitors could quickly engineer generic versions. The original producer would no longer be a price maker and instead need to watch out profit maximization rules of a competitive market by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charge a price equal to marginal marginal revenue.Since the original drug maker will not be able to benefit from monopoly pricing during the patent period, there will be less incentive for them to create lifesaving drugs. A part of the benefit of higher profits during the monopoly period is the great power to recoup some of the research, develop, and testing costs of producing these drugs that the generic makers do not incur. Consumers on the other buy the farm would benefit from competition in the market which prevents a single drug maker from dictating the market price of these newly developed lifesaving drugs.

International Marketing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Marketing - Coursework Exampled Fitch is among the organizations that sport sought to venture into the international market, most notably in Europe, where different brands be made available in numerous outlets. For instance, the A&F brand is made available by the company through the experiential marketing policy, in which much emphasis is put on the gross sales outlets that are tasked with showcasing the brand values. This approach is seen as ideal in enabling the brand reserve a competitive edge over those provided by its competitors, since the brand offers the consumer a significant experience, as well as creating a brand community (Powers and Loyka, 2010). The company uses in-store experience as the marketing vehicle.Enhancing the product competitiveness and the planetary organizational profitability involves carrying out a situational analysis, where the company creates a clear knowledge of the respective markets, and finally evaluates its importance for the c ompany as well as for the other markets where the business operates. International business environs is more dynamic, competitive and complex, hence the need for the management to be knowledgeable of both the immediate situations and the authority impacts of the effected changes in the business area. The European market explored by the Abercrombie and Fitch Company could exhibit various(a) similarities and dissimilarities, hence the need for the company to understand the implications and linkages of the marketing strategy changes in its brand operations.Modern companies have realized the need to target particular customers, since they cannot appeal to all buyers. The buyers are widely scattered and have varying needs and buying behaviors, making it inevitable for the companies to adopt different practices that include segmentation, differentiation, and positioning, in rig to satisfy the specific customer needs and ensure their competitiveness and profitability in the market.The segmentation of A&F brand must take into consideration

Saudi Arabia unemployment citizens Research Paper

Saudi Arabia unemployment citizens - Research Paper ExampleThe monetary sector in the country is highly developed because the banks in the region do not have a bun in the oven taxes. The region is infertile and water resources are scarce. Thus, agronomy accounts for a small fraction of the economy, and the country is agonistic to import about half of its agricultural products. However, the major challenge that Saudi Arabia faces today is the high cast of unemployment in an zone that has the highest growing population in the world (Al Nisr Publishing). This paper will discuss the bug out of unemployed citizens in Saudi Arabia, the problems it imposes and the appropriate solutions that the government and the private sector can impose to ring the situation.Based on views raised by western diplomats, officials and ordinary Saudis, it is evident that they are shocked that much(prenominal)(prenominal) a wealth country is not capable of finding employment for its young women and men. Today, Saudi Arabia is regarded as being wealthier than ever before. The prices of oil have remained high for about three years. Since the prices of oil are bushel at $60 or every barrel, the country is anticipated to be earning about $480 million in a day. Approximately 40 percent of that amount is spent by the government in areas such as health, education, and man power (Adelman).If money alone was capable of solving the problem, then the issue of unemployment would not exist in the country. In fact, Saudi Arabia is anticipated to be growing at an alarming rate. The summary estimates release a 20 percent growth rate while the official estimate reveal 9 percent growth rate. It is higher among those people who are aged below 30 years, and who coiffe up to about two thirds of the countrys population. This means that there is something that is entirely wrong in the economy (Adelman).For instance, the talk of Saudization of labor is one of the push factors as to why unemployment i s rising in the

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities Essay

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great sanctified Personalities - Essay ExampleThe Biblical traditions, establish on the records collected by four true followers of savior, provide a detailed posting of Christs birth and peoples reaction on the complete(a) birth. The Holy Torah had patently prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words Therefore the Lord himself sh both make it you a sign Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 714) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the beatified peasant at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the confrontation of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Marys withdraw to her city. Though little information is available about Christs childhood and early youth, until now the historians and t heologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in secernate to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his herald holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face opposition from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing senile society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he moved(p) lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them in his turn off fellowship, he ate with people of all classes shreds of evidence.... The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 714) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Marys return to her city. Though little information is available about Christs childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face opposition from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them in his table fellowship, he ate with people of all classes. In a culture in which the womans role was strictly circumscribed, he welcomed women as his disciples. (Fisher, 20 05 293) The researches reveal the very fact that Jesus returned to his native land Jerusalem from Egypt at the age of thirty. It was the sequence when he started preaching the virtue and nobility to the people of Nazareth. Jesus was highly

Write a research-based, argumentative paper on a topic of your Research

Write a -based, argumentative on a topic of your choosing - Research Paper ExampleAnti- abortionists insisting that the foetus has a right to intent just as the mother has a right to live. The opposing side, those who support abortion, argue that since a fetus relies mostly on its mother for sustenance and development everywhere the months prior to its birth, then the life of the fetus does not exist yet and as such, cannot be considered to be a separate life from its mother. Therefore, abortion is a decision that a muliebrity can and must undertake for her own personal or medical reasons. To have laws that ban her right to free herself of the fetus via abortive means violates her rights as a woman and her right to choose. This essay will look into the reasons as to why banning abortion is a violation of womens rights and why those who oppose abortion directly violate the Reproductive Rights of Women.According to Frederica Matthews - Greene, abortion must be opposed because it v iolates the right of a woman to protect her organic structure. She claims that That right must vex when her body begins, and it must be hers no matter where she lives even if she lives in her mothers womb. The same holds square(a) for her brother. 1 In this line of thinking, it would appear that the right of a woman to her body ends the moment that she conceives a child. Regardless of whether that conception is expected, wanted, or the product of an accident or a crime. In the minds of anti-abortionists, a woman no longer has a right to her body because of the second resident in the womb, who takesprecedence over her own safety and concerns. This is an argument that is flawed in every manner. If the life of the fetus does not begin until the umbilical cord is cut and the first cry comes with its first life giving breath, there is no life to actually consider within the womb as the life of what is within relies solely on the existence of the mother and her ability to sustain a se condary life within.Let us recall that the right of

Groupthing theory research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Groupthing hypothesis - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, Janis theory is often reconsidered and complemented by the modern researchers and scientists, who argon focused on pros and cons of crowdthink. Theory reflections in literature In accordance with Cottam, Dietz-Uhler, Mastors, and Preston (2004) it should be noted that chemical groupthink does not belong to critical thinking based on a detailed discussion of the given problem or relevant issues. There is no process of group argumentation analysis and there is no fit analysis and evaluation of ideas validity testing. One of the primary(prenominal) drawbacks of group thinking is the absence of an individual contribution to critical thinking. People think together and very(prenominal) often their ideas are mixed, some of the group members can feel frustrated, confused or even misconstrue their initial ideas. Therefore, it is relevant to fight for individuality of thinking. This kind of thinking can be considered in positio n of solidarity of thinking among group thinkers (Cottam, Dietz-Uhler, Mastors, and Preston, 2004). Cohesiveness is the required condition for proper functioning of group thinking in an effective and efficient manner. It should be also noted that effective groupthink is based on two different conditions, such as ideal group social organization and a favorable environment for groupthink. The group structure can be endangered in matter of a lack of access to entropy or inability to reflect various opinions. In case there is a self-concentrated leader in the group, he can hardly establish favorable conditions for a sound development of ideas among early(a) members. Groupthink occurs, when the members of the group are sure that their common decision is right and do not listen to any other ideas or consider them wrong (Ahlfinger & Esser, 2001). In the result of such a reservation of thinking, the members of the group become close-minded and they are not focused on their risky actio ns. Moreover, in case a group feels immaterial pressure in order to reach conformity, they cannot confirm the unity and soundness of their thinking as well. Therefore, it is diaphanous that groupthink is a challenging matter and a complex stage of decision-making process. In accordance with Ahlfinger & Esser (2001) Janis identified other important facts of groupthink. The first fact is that group members do not accept any alternatives the second fact is that there are no clearly set goals of decision-making. They are not focused on electromotive force risks of their decisions or cannot identify their preferred choice. A lack of information or inability to process information correctly or develop future contingency plans are also intimidating factors for a proper groupthink (Park 1990, Rogelberg, 1999). In case these facts are evident, there will be a poor outcome of decision-making process. These researchers underline that there are many other factors undermining effective groupt hink, which should be studied properly (Shmidt, Zapalski, and Toole, 2005). In case a biased leader is present in the group, he may lead to imbalanced groupthink, because this leader will produce the main decisions and ideas. In accordance with another suggestion, a lack of conformity among group members will cause a poor decision making process. There are two main kinds of leaders, such as nonpromotional leaders and promotional leaders (Kim, 2001). In the former case, the leader did not utilize much influence on the members of the group and did not foster his ideas. In the second case, the leader

Arab learners of English Avoid using phrasal verbs Research Paper

Arab learners of incline Avoid using phrasal verbs - Research Paper ExampleSuch an observation has been made on the basis of wide ranging studies conducted by various researchers in this compute.As mentioned earlier, recently there has been observed a trend, which indicates the turning away of phrasal verbs by Arab learners of the English language. Several papers and research articles have focused on this phenomenon which indicates such an avoidance (Kano (2006), Tarone (1981), Kleinmann (1977), etc.) as well as the manner of avoidance i.e., semantic, topical, lexical, phonological, morphological, graphological or void, (Brown,1994). This trend, hence, has been identified as a classic problem or issue of concern among the researchers in the field of linguistic studies.However, consensus on the actual occurrence and the reasons behind such a trend is yet to be arrived, owe to the differing views presented by various researchers. For instance, Schachter (1974) who first observed suc h avoidance behavior claimed that the learners, who resorted to avoid usage of phrasal verbs, did so, owing to difficulties in constructing sentences using such verbs. Researchers such as Klienmann (1977), Chiang (1980), Dagut and Laufer (1985) etc supported the claims made by Schachter, that the avoidance was primarily on account of difficulty experienced by the learners with respect to social organization and semantic aspects of the target language. man yet others such as Seliger, (1989) argues that, there is no clear definition of avoidance and further states that avoidance can only occur in situations wherei the learners are able to form a target structure but lack knowledge regarding appropriate distributional rules.The native language plays a significant procedure in influencing the manner in which a learner produces different structures. This claim was substantiated by Kleinmann (1977) in his experiments whereby he studied a group of Arabic speakers as well as Spanish / Po rtuguese speakers with regard to the use of passives, present